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                                                                                            ___________________________________ 
                                                                                            ___________________________________ 
                                                                                            ___________________________________ 
                                                           Rachel Strohl, Psy.D.            ___________________________________ 
                                                   www.StressAndAnxiety.com                 ___________________________________ 
                                                                                       
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             2                  CBT for Panic Disorder                                      ___________________________________ 
                        The goal is NOT to end anxiety.  That’s                             ___________________________________ 
                        impossible.  The goal is NOT to end panic                           ___________________________________ 
                        attacks.  That’s beyond our control.  The 
                        goal is to learn how to normalize and                               ___________________________________ 
                        respond effectively to anxiety.  If you 
                        learn to accept that panic attacks can                              ___________________________________ 
                        happen but are not to be feared, you no 
                        longer have panic disorder. Although                                ___________________________________ 
                        unpleasant, panic attacks are only a 
                        problem if they control your choices.  
                        Fortunately, panic can’t control your 
                        choices.  You are always in charge.  
                        Therefore, panic is not a problem; it’s just 
                        temporary pain.
                                                                                       
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                                    Our goals for today                                     ___________________________________ 
                         We will differentiate panic attack symptoms in several of         ___________________________________ 
                          the common anxiety disorders.
                                                                                            ___________________________________ 
                         We will learn how to assess and diagnose Panic Disorder.          ___________________________________ 
                         We will discuss some of the hypotheses behind why                 ___________________________________ 
                          someone has panic attacks.
                         We will review Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) 
                          protocol for the treatment of Panic Disorder for adults.
                                                                                        
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                             Panic Disorder DSM-V criteria                                     ___________________________________ 
                          Criteria A: Recurrent and often unexpected panic attacks.           ___________________________________ 
                          An anxiety disorder based primarily on the occurrence of            ___________________________________ 
                           panic attacks.                                                      ___________________________________ 
                          At least one panic attack is followed by a month or more of         ___________________________________ 
                           the person fearing that they will have more attacks.
                          Panic vs. anxiety – share some symptoms but differ in 
                           intensity, duration, and whether or not there is a trigger. 
                                                                                           
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                                       Panic Symptoms                                          ___________________________________ 
                          A panic attack is an abrupt surge of intense fear or intense        ___________________________________ 
                           discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes, and during 
                           which time 4 (or more) of the following symptoms occur:             ___________________________________ 
                          1.  Palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate         ___________________________________ 
                          2.  Sweating                                                        ___________________________________ 
                          3.  Trembling
                          4.  Sensations of shortness of breath
                          5.  Feelings of choking
                          6.  Chest pain or discomfort
                          7.  Nausea or abdominal distress
                                                                                           
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                                       Panic Symptoms                                          ___________________________________ 
                          8. Feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faint                   ___________________________________ 
                          9.  Chills or heat sensations
                          10.  Parasthesias (numbness or tingling sensations)                 ___________________________________ 
                          11.  Derealization (feelings of unreality) or                       ___________________________________ 
                           depersonalization (being detached from one self)
                          12. Fear of losing control or "going crazy“                         ___________________________________ 
                          13. Fear of dying
                                                                                           
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                                           DSM-V Criteria                                            ___________________________________ 
                           Criteria B:  At least one of the attacks has been followed by            ___________________________________ 
                             one month (or more) of one or both of the following:
                               1.  Persistent concern or worry about additional panic attacks or the 
                                consequences.                                                        ___________________________________ 
                               2.  A significant maladaptive change in behavior related to the attacks 
                                (typically avoidance).                                               ___________________________________ 
                           Criteria C:  Panic is not better explained by a medical                  ___________________________________ 
                             condition.
                           Criteria D:  Panic is not due to another psychological 
                             disorder.
                                                                                                
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                                    Why do People Panic?                                             ___________________________________ 
                           Suffocation Alarm Theory:                                                ___________________________________ 
                               “I can’t get enough air.  Something is wrong!  Danger!”  A 
                                catastrophic misinterpretation of physiological response.            ___________________________________ 
                           Conditioning:
                               Some subconscious connection was made with an environment or         ___________________________________ 
                                stimuli, through conditioning, that triggers a panic response.
                                                                                                     ___________________________________ 
                                                                                               
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                                    Why do People Panic?                                             ___________________________________ 
                           The Fight or Flight response                                             ___________________________________ 
                               A physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived 
                                harmful event, attack, or threat to survival.                        ___________________________________ 
                              It is important to help the patient see panic as a normal              ___________________________________ 
                                biological process that is not dangerous, while empathizing 
                                how unpleasant it is.  It feels harmful, but it’s the body trying 
                                to be helpful.                                                       ___________________________________ 
                              Teaching acceptance of normal anxiety helps patients learn not 
                                to overreact to symptoms that precede panic.  Our job is to 
                                help them to learn how to respond peacefully and effectively.
                                                                                                
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                                         Exclusion Criteria                                            ___________________________________ 
                            The following may trigger panic attacks, but if that’s the                ___________________________________ 
                             case then technically you wouldn’t diagnose panic disorder, 
                             because the panic attack is not unexpected:                               ___________________________________ 
                               OCD/Health Anxiety
                               PTSD                                                                   ___________________________________ 
                               Social Anxiety
                               Specific Phobias                                                       ___________________________________ 
                               Emetophobia
                                                                                                 
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                                   Social Anxiety Disorder                                             ___________________________________ 
                            Excessive and persistent fear that others are evaluating                  ___________________________________ 
                             you.
                            Fear that you will do or say something that is                            ___________________________________ 
                             embarrassing, will make you look bad, or will make                        ___________________________________ 
                             you the center of unwanted attention.
                            As a result, the sufferer will actively avoid social                      ___________________________________ 
                             situations where evaluation may occur.
                            The sufferer acknowledges that their fear is overblown.
                                                                                                 
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                             Generalized Anxiety Disorder                                              ___________________________________ 
                            Characterized by excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational           ___________________________________ 
                             worry about everyday things that is disproportionate to the 
                             actual source of worry.                                                   ___________________________________ 
                            Catastrophize, anticipate disaster, and are overly concerned              ___________________________________ 
                             about everyday matters such as health issues, money, death, 
                             family or friends problems, or work difficulties.
                                                                                                       ___________________________________ 
                            They often exhibit a variety of physical symptoms, including 
                             fatigue, fidgeting, headaches, nausea, numbness in hands and 
                             feet, muscle tension, muscle aches, bouts of difficulty breathing, 
                             trembling, twitching, irritability, sweating, and hot flashes.