GLOBALIZATION
    •
        Modern world with myriad phenomena
    •
        Greater global economic connectedness
    •
        Economic phenomenon-economic integration powered 
        by Neo-liberal politics, electronics, instantaneous
        communications and multinational corporations
    •
        Flows of capital, people, information and culture
    •
        Internationalization of commerce, capital and labor
    •
        Post industrial and knowledge-based society 
    •
        Constant creation of new forms of technology
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  GLOBALIZATION, COMPETITION 
  AND COMPETITIVENESS
  •
      Globalization of commerce, advances in 
  communication  
    technology, access and availability of 
    information
  •
      Growing commercial and social 
  interrelationship
  •
      Competition among Institutions, Firms and 
  Nations
  •
      Competitiveness: ability to stay in business 
  and achieve 
    some desired result (profit, price, quality)
  •
      National economic performance~national 
  competitiveness
  •
      Competitiveness: growth of labor productivity 
  and raising 
    living standards
           DOWNSIDES OF 
           GLOBALIZATION
           •
              Potential of creating severe gap between 
           rich and poor 
             countries
           •
              Divide the world into centers and 
           peripheries
              Centers grow stronger, peripheries 
              marginalized 
           •
              Global higher education dominated by 
           world class   
             universities in industrialized countries
              Norms, values, language, scientific           4
              innovation and knowledge products of 
              countries in the center crowd out other 
              ideas and practices
           •
              Globalization in higher education 
           exacerbates 
             dramatic inequalities among the world’s 
           universities
          “COMMERCIALIZATION” OF 
          KNOWLEDGE
          • Knowledge from study and research is seen 
          as a “private 
            good”
          • Provision of knowledge = commercial 
          transaction
          • Provider public fund or State unable to 
          provide resources for 
            higher education and research
          • Universities expected to generate more 
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          funding
          • Initiation of selling of knowledge products, 
          partnership private 
            sectors, increase in student fees 
          • Universities sell skill/training, awarding 
          degrees or certificates
          HIGHER EDUCATION ROLE and 
          POSITION
          •
            Historically international in their 
          academic and intellectual orientation
          •
            Science and rationality of knowledge 
          across the national and territorial 
          limitation
          •
            Asset that contribute to national 
          economic and social well-being
          •
            Equipped labor force with skills, 
          innovation, productivity, enriching 
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          quality of life