NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA  
                                
                                
                                
                                
                                
                                
                                
                               SCHOOL OF EDUCATION  
                                
                                
                                
                                
                                
                                
                                
                               COURSE CODE: EDU 821  
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                        COURSE TITLE: STATISTICAL METHODS I 
                    EDU 701                                                                                                                         
                    STATISTICAL METHODS I  
                                
                                
                                
                                
                                
                                
                                
                                
                               EDU 821:  STATISTICAL METHODS I  
                                        
                                        
                                       COURSE DEVELOPMENT  
                                           
                                          Course Developer  
                                          Professor M. I. Shuaibu  
                                        Federal Ministry of Education  
                                         Education Sector Analysis  
                                            Education Annex  
                                               Abuja  
                                             
                                            Unit Writers  
                                          Professor M. I. Shuaibu  
                                        Federal Ministry of Education  
                                         Education Sector Analysis  
                                            Education Annex  
                                               Abuja  
                                             
                                            Dr. U. S. A.  Osuji  
                                       National Open University of Nigeria  
                                               Lagos  
                                          
                                          
                                         Programme Leader  
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                         Course Coordinator  
                                           Dr. Osuji, U.S.A  
                                          School of Education  
                                           NOUN HQ-Lagos  
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                            NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA 
                                                                              
                                                                              
                                                                              
                                                                              
                                                                              
                    NOUN                                                     2 
                 EDU 701                                                                                                                         
                 STATISTICAL METHODS I  
                            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                           EDU 821:  STATISTICAL METHODS I  
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                   COURSE GUIDE 
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                        NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA  
                                                                  
                                                                  
                                                                  
                                                                  
                                                                  
                                                                  
                                                                  
                                                                  
                                                                  
                                                                  
                                                                  
                 NOUN                                            3 
                                            EDU 701                                                                                                                         
                                            STATISTICAL METHODS I  
                                                                                                     
                                                                                                     
                                                                                                    CONTENTS  
                                                                                        
                                                                                       DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS  
                                                                                                                                                                               
                                            Unit I:                            The nature of data/scientific observations                                                      
                                                                                     •    Meaning of data/observations                                                         
                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                     •    Meaning of statistics                                                                
                                                                                     •    Purposes of statistics                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                     •    Types of statistics: descriptive and inferential                                     
                                                                                     •    The nature of statistical methods                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                               
                                            Unit II:                                                                                                                           
                                                                               Basic concepts in statistics                                                                    
                                                                                     •    Population                                                                           
                                                                                     •    Sample                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                     •    Parameter                                                                            
                                                                                     •    Estimates of statistics                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                     •    Measurements                                                                         
                                                                                     •    Errors of measurement                                                                
                                                                                                                                                                               
                                            Unit III:                          Statistical notations/shorthand                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                               
                                            Unit IV:                           Measurement scales:                                                                             
                                                                                     •    Nominal, ordinal, internal and ratio                                                 
                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                     •    Types of variables: discrete and continuous                                          
                                                                                     •    Parametric versus non-parametric                                                     
                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                               
                                            Unit V:                            Organisation and presentation of data:                                                          
                                                                                     i.   Organisation of data                                                                 
                                                                                     ii.  Frequency table                                                                      
                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                     iii. Composite frequency table                                                            
                                                                                     iv.  Pictograms or ideographs                                                             
                                                                                                                                                                               
                                            Unit VI:                           Graphical representation of data:                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                     •    Bar graph                                                                            
                                                                                     •    Pie chart                                                                            
                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                     •    Histogram                                                                            
                                                                                     •    The frequency polygon                                                                
                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                     •    Cumulative frequency curve                                                           
                                                                                     •    Cumulative percentage curve                                                          
                                                                                                                                                                               
                                            Unit VII:                          Measures of Central Tendency                                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                     •    The Mean                                                                             
                                                                                     •    The Median                                                                           
                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                               
                                            NOUN                                                                                                                              4