Basics
               in clinical
               nutrition
               Fifth Edition
               Editor in Chief
               Luboš Sobotka
               Associate Editors
               Simon P. Allison
               Alastair Forbes
               Rémy F. Meier
               Stéphane M. Schneider
               Peter B. Soeters
               Zeno Stanga
               Andre Van Gossum
               Galén
                            Basics
                            in clinical
                            nutrition
                            Fifth Edition
                            Editor in chief
                            Luboš Sobotka
                            associate Editors
                            Simon P. Allison
                            Alastair Forbes
                            Rémy F. Meier
                            Stéphane M. Schneider
                            Peter B. Soeters
                            Zeno Stanga
                            Andre Van Gossum
                            Galén
        Basics in Clinical Nutrition 5.indd   3                                               5.8.2019   11:45:00
              BASICS IN CLINICAL NUTRITION
              Fifth edition
              Editor in Chief Luboš Sobotka
              Publishing House Galén
              Na Popelce 3144/10a, 150 00  Prague 5, Czech Republic
              Managing Editor Lubomír Houdek, Dr.
              Editor-in-Chief Soňa Dernerová, Dr.
              Composition Václav Zukal – Galén, Prague
              Print FINIDR, s. r. o., Lipová 1965, 737 01  Český Těšín, Czech Republic
              www.espenbluebook.org
              All rights reserved. This book, or any thereof, may not be used or reproduced in any manner without written 
              permision. For information, address European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.
              Supported by the program PROGRES Q40/12.
              © ESPEN, 1999, 2000, 2004, 2011, 2019
              © Galén, 1999, 2000, 2004, 2011, 2019
              ISBN 978-80-7492-427-9
       Basics in Clinical Nutrition 5.indd   4                                             5.8.2019   11:45:00
                                                                                                           V
                Editor in chief
                Luboš Sobotka, MD, PhD
                Professor of Medicine
                 rd
                3  Department of Medicine
                Metabolic Care and Gerontology
                Medical Faculty – Charles University
                Hradec Králové
                Czech Republic
                associate Editors
                Simon P. Allison, MD, FRCP                      Peter B. Soeters, MD, PhD
                Professor in Clinical Nutrition                 Emeritus Professor of Surgery
                Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology           Department of Surgery
                and Nutrition                                   University Hospital Maastricht
                Queen’s Medical Center                          Maastricht
                Nottingham                                      The Netherlands
                United Kingdom
                                                                Zeno Stanga, MD, PhD
                Alastair Forbes, BSc, MD, FRCP, FHEA            Professor in Internal Medicine and Clinical 
                Clinical Professor of Medicine                  Nutrition
                Chief of Research and Innovation                Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and 
                Norwich Medical School                          Clinical Nutrition
                University of East Anglia                       Division of General Internal Medicine
                Norwich                                         University Hospital
                United Kingdom                                  Bern
                                                                Switzerland
                Rémy F. Meier, MD
                Professor of Medicine                           Andre Van Gossum, MD, PhD
                Head of Department of Gastroenterology,         Professsor
                Hepatology and Nutrition                        Head of the Clinic of Intestinal Diseases 
                University Hospital                             and Nutritional Support
                Kantonsspital Liestal                           Department of Gastroenterology
                Liestal                                         Hopital Erasme
                Switzerland                                     Universite Libre de Bruxelles
                                                                Brussels
                Stéphane M. Schneider, MD, PhD, FEBGH           Belgium
                Professor of Nutrition
                Nutritional Support Unit
                Archet University Hospital
                Nice
                France
         Basics in Clinical Nutrition 5.indd   5                                                         5.8.2019   11:45:00