Physical Education   
           (HKDSE) 
            
            
                            Part IV: Fitness and Nutrition for Health and 
                                 Performance in Physical Activities 
                                                                
                                      
                                               Physical Education Section 
                                           Curriculum Development Institute 
                                                    Education Bureau 
                        The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 
                                                            2022 
                                               (last  updated  in  Sep  2022) 
           
           
                  PE(HKDSE)                                                                                1 
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                   Contents                                                                    Page 
                   Learning objectives                                                         2 
                   Glossary                                                                    3 
                   Essential concepts and theories                                              
                        A.    Components of health                                             6 
                        B.    Definition of fitness                                            7 
                        C.    Components and measurement of health-related fitness             7 
                        D.    Components and measurement of sport-related fitness              13 
                        E.    Food and nutrition                                               15 
                        F.    Weight control                                                   22 
                        G.    Healthy Behaviour                                                24 
                        H.    Role of physical activity in the prevention of non-communicable  27 
                            diseases 
                   Examples of enquiry activities                                              28 
                   References for teachers                                                     36 
                   References for students                                                     37 
                   Related websites                                                            38 
                                                                                                
                   
                                                                                             
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                     PE(HKDSE)                                                                                                   2 
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                                                             Learning Objectives 
                     This part helps students explore the concepts of health-related fitness and sport-related fitness; 
                     the nutritional components and diet related to physical performance; and the interlocking 
                     relations among exercise, physical fitness, diet, health and chronic diseases. Such knowledge 
                     will  enable  students  to  recognise  the  importance  of  an  active  and  healthy  lifestyle  and 
                     understand the concept of wellness mentioned in Part I. It can be linked to the discussion of 
                     factors affecting participation in sport and recreation (Part VIII). 
                      
                     Expected learning outcomes: Students will be able to 
                     1.   explain  the  definitions  and  components  of  “health”  and  “physical  fitness”,  with 
                          appropriate examples; 
                     2.   demonstrate correct methods to evaluate physical fitness using appropriate test protocols; 
                     3.   explain the role of physical activity in preventing non-communicable diseases; 
                     4.   explain the role of nutrition in maintaining health and enhancing physical performance; 
                     5.   critically analyse the various kinds of keep-fit programmes on the market; and 
                     6.   from  a  health  maintenance  perspective,  evaluate  and  make  recommendations  on 
                          individual’s and other people’s lifestyles, including diet, weight control and engagement 
                          in physical activities . 
                      
                                                                             
                                                                             
                                                                             
                                                                             
                                                                             
                                                                             
                                                                             
                                                                             
                                                                             
                                                                             
                                                                             
                                                                             
                                                                             
                                                                             
                                                                             
                      
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                     PE(HKDSE)                                                                                                   3 
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                                                                     Glossary 
                               Term                     Description 
                       1.      Active and healthy       A way of living based on regular physical activity and a cluster 
                               lifestyle                of related healthy behaviours which lead to health, vigour and 
                               活躍及健康的生 vitality as well as self-respect and control of one’s destiny. 
                               活模式 
                       2.      Diabetes                 A metabolic disorder in which the body's ability to secrete 
                               糖尿病 
                                                        insulin for sugar metabolism is impaired. The individual is 
                                                        unable to utilise sugar properly to sustain muscular function. 
                       3.      Hand grip                An instrument used for screening of grip strength. 
                               dynamometer 
                               手握力計 
                       4.      Endorphins               Opium-like substances produced naturally in the brain that 
                               安多芬 / 內啡肽 
                                                        give  a  feeling  of  well-being.  Production  of  endorphins  is 
                                                        stimulated  by  many  natural  circumstances  and  also  by 
                                                        profound exercise. 
                       5.      Energy                   The  units  of  energy  expenditure  commonly  used  are  the 
                               expenditure              kilojoule (metric system) and the kilocalorie (British system). 
                               能量消耗 / 能量 The daily energy  expenditure  of  an  individual  is  mainly 
                               支出                       dependent on the intensity and duration of physical activity. 
                       6.      Exercise                 Personalised  health  advice  for  patients  on  exercising.  The 
                               prescription             concept has been tested among groups of general practitioners 
                               運動處方 
                                                        in  countries  like  Australia,  the  USA  and  the  UK  with 
                                                        favourable  outcomes.  In  Hong  Kong,  the  Department  of 
                                                        Health (DH) conducted a randomised controlled trial to assess 
                                                        the  effectiveness  of  incorporating  this  concept  in  medical 
                                                        recovery in 2003. The result showed significant improvement 
                                                        in clients’ motivation to do exercise. 
                       7.      Goniometer               A device used for measuring the range of joint movement. 
                               測角器 / 測角儀 
                                                         
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