An evaluation of the EFSA’s dietary 
    reference values (DRVs), Part 1
    Dietary reference values for vitamins and minerals for adults
    No. 2018/19A, The Hague, September 18, 2018
    Background document to:
    Voedingsnormen voor vitamines en mineralen voor volwassenen
    No. 2018/19, The Hague, September 18, 2018
                                                              An evaluation of the EFSA’s dietary reference values (DRVs), Part 1 | page 2 of 179
      contents
      01 Introduction                                          4       12  Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol)                        68
      02  Vitamin A (retinol and carotenes)                    8       13  Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone)                          73
      03  Thiamin (vitamin B1)                                15       14 Biotin                                               79
      04	 Riboflavin	(vitamin	B2)	                            22       15 Choline                                              83
      05  Niacin (vitamin B3)                                 27       16 Calcium                                              88
      06  Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5)                       33       17  Chromium (III)                                      95
      07  Vitamin B6                                          37       18 Copper                                               98
      08  Folate                                              43       19 Fluoride                                           104
      09  Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)                             50       20 Iodine                                             108
      10  Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)                           55       21 Iron                                                114
      11  Vitamin D (ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol)      61       22 Magnesium                                          121
            Health Council of the Netherlands | No. 2018/19A
                                                                                         An evaluation of the EFSA’s dietary reference values (DRVs), Part 1 | page 3 of 179
         23 Manganese                                                                  126             References                                                                   164
         24 Molybdenum                                                                 130             Annexes                                                                      169
                                                                                                            A	    Types	of	reference	values	and	their	definitions	                   170
         25 Phosphorus                                                                 134                  B	    List	of	abbreviations	                                             172
                                                                                                            C     Overview of the 2018 and 2014 reference values for 
         26 Potassium                                                                  139                        the	Netherlands	                                                   175
         27 Selenium                                                                   143
         28 Zinc                                                                       149
         29 Summary                                                                    154
                Health Council of the Netherlands | No. 2018/19A
    chapter 01 | Introduction        An evaluation of the EFSA’s dietary reference values (DRVs), Part 1 | page 4 of 179
    01  
    introduction
       Health Council of the Netherlands | No. 2018/19A