KENYA NATIONAL DIABETES EDUCATORS 
                     MANUAL
                      July 2010
                    FIRST EDITION
                 KENYA NATIONAL DIABETES EDUCATORS MANUAL
        Kenya National Diabetes Educators Manual
        Funded by:  Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, World Diabetes Foundation and the International Dia-
        betes Federation.
        Process supported by: Ministry of Medical Services, Kenya Diabetes Management and Information Centre 
        (DMI) and Diabetes Kenya Association (DKA)
        Copyright 2010, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation
        Enquiries regarding the Kenya National Diabetes Educators Manual should be addressed to:
        National Diabetes Control Programme,
        Division of Non-communicable Diseases,
        Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation,
        P.O. Box 30016 – 00100
        Nairobi, Kenya
        Telephone: +254 202717077/+253202722599
        Email: noncom@health.go.ke
        Website: www.pubhealth.go.ke
        Supported by :
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                                             KENYA NATIONAL DIABETES EDUCATORS MANUAL
            TABLE OF CONTENTS
            TABLE OF CONTENTS ...........................................................................................................................  (iii)
            FOREWORD...............................................................................................................................................  (v)
            INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................................  (vi)
            ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................................  (vii)
            MODULE 1 .................................................................................................................................................  1
            MODULE 1.1 THE ROLE OF THE DIABETES EDUCATOR ...........................................................  1
            MODULE 1.2: TEAM MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................  2
            MODULE 1.3: TEACHING AND LEARNING.....................................................................................  4
            MODULE 1.4: THE PS YCH OSOCIAL  ASPECTS OF DIABETES:  
            THE IMPACT ON THE PATIENT AND FAMILY ...............................................................................  17
            MODULE 1.5: MODELS FOR FACILITATING BEHAVIOUR CHANGE ....................................... 21
            MODULE 1.6: COMMUNITY AWARENESS, PROMOTION 
            AND PREVENTION OF DIABETES......................................................................................................  23
            MODULE 1.7: RESEARCH AND EVALUATION ................................................................................  25
            MODULE 1.8: MONITORING AND EVALUATING DIABETES .....................................................  30
            MODULE 2 .................................................................................................................................................  33
            MODULE 2.1: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DIABETES ........................................................................  33
            MODULE 2.2: DIAGNOSIS, CLASSIFICATION AND 
            PRESENTATION OF DIABETES ............................................................................................................  40
            MODULE 3 .................................................................................................................................................  52
            MODULE 3.1: SELF-MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................  52
            MODULE 3.2: SICK DAY MANAGEMENT .........................................................................................  58
            MODULE 3.3: GLUCOSE-LOWERING MEDICATION ....................................................................  61
            MODULE 3.4: INSULIN THERAPY ......................................................................................................  68
            MODULE 3.5: DIABETES AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES ................................................................  80
            MODULE 3.6: NUTRITION THERAPY ............................................................................................... 85
            NUTRITION THERAPY IN SPECIAL GROUPS .................................................................................  98
            MODULE 3-5 (b): DIABETES AND OBESITY ....................................................................................  103
            MODULE 3-5 (c): FASTING AND DIABETES .....................................................................................  105
            MODULE 4-1: DIABETES IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS..................................................  108
            MODULE 4-2: GESTATIONAL DIABETES AND 
            DIABETES IN PREGNANCY ..................................................................................................................  113
            MODULE 4-3: DIABETES AND THE OLDER PATIENT ..................................................................  121
            MODULE 4..4: DIABETES AND PRE-OPERATIVE AND 
            PERI-OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT ....................................................................................................  123
            BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................................................  125
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