ANP 505 
                    MONOGASTRIC NUTRTION 
                    (2 UNITS) 
                                                          
               
               
               
                       Course Team:                       
               
                       Prof. T. S. Olugbemi – ABU, Zaria           (Course Writer) 
                       Prof. Grace E. Jokthan – NOUN               (Programme Leader) 
                       Prof. G. S. Bawa - ABU, Zaria               (Course Editor) 
                       Dr. Ahmed A. Njidda – NOUN                  (Course Coordinator)  
               
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                                                          
                          NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA 
               
                   
                                                          TABLE OF CONTENTS 
                  TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................................. ii 
                     INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 1 
                     COURSE AIM .......................................................................................................................................... 1 
                     COURSE OBJECTIVES .......................................................................................................................... 1 
                     COURSE MATERIALS ........................................................................................................................... 2 
                     MODULE 1: PRINCIPLES OF MONOGASTRIC NUTRITION ........................................................... 3 
                     UNIT 1: Basic definitions and nutritional limitations of Monogastric animals ........................................ 3 
                     1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 3 
                     2.0 OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................................................................... 3 
                     3.0 MAIN CONTENT .............................................................................................................................. 4 
                     3.1 Basic Definitions ................................................................................................................................. 4 
                     Nutritional Limitations of Monogastric Animals .................................................................................... 10 
                     4.0 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................. 10 
                     5.0 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................... 10 
                     6.0 TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT ................................................................................................ 11 
                     7.0 REFERENCES/FURTHER READINGS ......................................................................................... 11 
                     UNIT 2: FEEDING BEHAVIOURS OF MONOGASTRIC ANIMAL ................................................. 12 
                     1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 12 
                     2.0 OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................... 12 
                     3.0 MAIN CONTENT ............................................................................................................................ 13 
                     3.1     Feeding Behaviour ...................................................................................................................... 13 
                     3.2 Factors affecting feeding behaviour .................................................................................................. 13 
                     3.2.1     Diet selection .......................................................................................................................... 13 
                     3.2.2     Temperature ............................................................................................................................ 14 
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                     3.2.3     Water availability .................................................................................................................... 14 
                     3.2.4     Physiological state................................................................................................................... 14 
                     3.2.5     Health status ............................................................................................................................ 15 
                     3.2.6     Stress ....................................................................................................................................... 15 
                     4.0 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................. 15 
                     5.0 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................... 15 
                     6.0 TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT ................................................................................................ 15 
                     7.0 REFERENCES/FURTHER READINGS ......................................................................................... 16 
                     UNIT 3: DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS AND ADAPTATION OF MODE OF FEEDING ........................... 17 
                     1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 17 
                     2.0 OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................... 17 
                     3.0 MAIN CONTENT ............................................................................................................................ 18 
                     3.1 Digestive tract of  poultry ................................................................................................................. 18 
                     3.2 Role of Fibre in Poultry Nutrition ..................................................................................................... 20 
                     3.2.1 Reduced cannibalism ..................................................................................................................... 20 
                     3.2.2 Decreased ammonia emission ........................................................................................................ 20 
                     3.2.3 Reduced yolk and plasma cholesterol ............................................................................................ 20 
                     3.2.4 Fibre and mineral balance .............................................................................................................. 21 
                     3.2.5 Fibre and nitrogen balance ............................................................................................................. 21 
                     3.2.6 Pigmentation of egg and meat ........................................................................................................ 21 
                     3.2.7 Digestibility in Poultry ................................................................................................................... 21 
                     3.3 Digestive tract of swine .................................................................................................................... 22 
                     3.4     Digestive tract of the rabbit ......................................................................................................... 24 
                     4.0     CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................... 26 
                     5.0 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................... 26 
                     6.0 Tutor-Marked Assignment ................................................................................................................ 27 
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                 7.0 References/Further Readings ............................................................................................................ 27 
                 MODULE 2: FEEDSTUFFS AND FEEDING STANDARDS.............................................................. 29 
                 UNIT 1:    DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF FEEDSTUFFS ....................................... 29 
                 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 29 
                 2.0 OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................... 30 
                 3.0 MAIN CONTENT ............................................................................................................................ 30 
                 3.1 Definition .......................................................................................................................................... 30 
                 3.2 Classification of feedstuffs in monogastric feeding .......................................................................... 30 
                 3.2.1 Roughages ...................................................................................................................................... 30 
                 3.2.2    Energy and basal ..................................................................................................................... 30 
                 3.2.3 Protein supplements or concentrates .............................................................................................. 31 
                 3.2.4 Vitamin and mineral supplements .................................................................................................. 31 
                 3.2.5 Non-nutritive .................................................................................................................................. 31 
                 3.3    Nutritive value of feedstuffs ....................................................................................................... 31 
                 3.3.1    Determination of Nutritive Value ........................................................................................... 31 
                 4.0 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................. 32 
                 5.0 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................... 32 
                 6.0 TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT ................................................................................................ 33 
                 7.0 REFERENCES/FURTHER READINGS ......................................................................................... 33 
                 UNIT 2:  FEED ADDITIVES AND FEED TOXINS ............................................................................ 34 
                 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 34 
                 2.0 OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................... 34 
                 3.0    MAIN CONTENT ...................................................................................................................... 34 
                 3.1    Feed additives ............................................................................................................................. 34 
                 3.1.1    What are feed additives ........................................................................................................... 34 
                 3.1.2    Functions of feed additives ..................................................................................................... 35 
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