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K. K. WAGH COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, NASHIK
Karmaveer Kakasaheb Wagh Education Society’s
K. K. WAGH COLLEGE OF AGRICULTRURE,
Saraswatinagar Nagar, Panchavati, Nasik-422003
st
Theory Notes of I Semester
Course Title:-
Fundamentals of Soil Sciences
Course No:- SSAC-111
Department
Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry
Prepared by: Prof. S. B. Aware 1
K. K. WAGH COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, NASHIK
Index
Course : SSAC 111 Credit: 3(2+1) Semester-I
Course title: Fundamentals of Soil Science
Teaching schedule
Theory
Lecture Topic Weightage
(%)
1 & 2 History and development of soil science, its scope and importance. 5
Soil as natural body, pedological and edapholgical concept of soil.
3 & 4 Soil genesis: Soil forming rocks and minerals. 6
5 & 6 Weathering of Rocks and Minerals. 6
7 & 8 Processes and factors of soils formation. 5
9 Soil profile, components of soil. 5
10 & 11 Soil physical properties: Soil texture, structure, density and 5
porosity.
12 Soil colour, consistency and plasticity. 3
13 ,14 Elementary knowledge of soil survey, soil taxonomy, 5
classification, Land capability classification.
15 Soils of India and Maharashtra. 3
16 , 17& Soil water : Soil water classification, soil water retention , soil 6
18 water potential, soil moisture constants’, Hydraulic conductivity,
permeability, percolation, movement and availability in soil.
19 Soil air : composition, gaseous exchange and effect on plant 6
growth.
20 Soil temperature: source, amount and flow of heat in soil and 6
effect on plant growth.
21 &22 Soil reaction: pH, soil acidity and alkalinity, buffering capacity, 6
effect of soil pH on nutrient availability.
23 & 24 Soil colloids: soil colloidal properties, inorganic and organic 4
colloids.
25 , 26 & Silicate clay: constituents and properties, sources of charge, ion 6
27 exchange, cation and anion exchange capacity, base saturation.
Prepared by: Prof. S. B. Aware 2
K. K. WAGH COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, NASHIK
28,29 & Soil organic matter: sources, composition, properties, factors 6
30 affecting SOM, its importance and influence on soil properties.
31 Humic substances-nature and properties 5
32 ,33 Soil organisms : macro and micro organism, their beneficial and 6
&34 harmful effects on soil and plant. soil biological properties
(SMBC, soil respiration, DHA etc.)
35 & 36 Soil pollution – sources of soil pollution*, behavior of pesticides 6
and inorganic contaminants, prevention and mitigation of soil
pollution.
Total 100
Suggested Reading
1) ISSS. 2009. Fundamentals of Soil Science. 2nd Ed. Indian Society of Soil Science, New
Delhi- 110 012. pp. 728.
2) Das D. K. 2011. Introductory Soil Science, 3rd revised and Enlarged Ed, Kalyani
Publisher, Ludhiana. pp. 645.
3) Brady, N. C. 2016. The Nature and Properties of Soils. 15th edition Publisher: Pearson
Education, ISBN: 978-0133254488
4) Daji J A; Daji J A; Kadam J R; Patil N D.1996. Textbook of Soil Science Bombay
Media Promoters and publishers Pvt. Ltd.
5) Biswas, T.D.; Mukherjee, S.K.. 1995. Text Book of Soil Science 2nd sEd. Tata McGraw
Hill Publisher, Delhi pp 433.
Prepared by: Prof. S. B. Aware 3
K. K. WAGH COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, NASHIK
Scope of Soil Science
Soil Science has six well defined and developed disciplines. Scope of
soil Science is reflected through these disciplines.
Soil Science : The science dealing with soil as a natural resource on the
surface of the earth, including Pedology (soil genesis, classification and
mapping) and the physical, chemical and biological and fertility properties
of soil and these properties in relation to their management for crop
production.
1. Soil fertility: Nutrient supplying properties of soil
2. Soil chemistry: Chemical constituents, chemical properties and the
chemical reactions
3. Soil physics: Involves the study of physical properties
4. Soil microbiology: deals with micro organisms, its population,
classification, its role in transformations
5. Soil conservation: Dealing with protection of soil against physical
loss by erosion or against chemical deterioration i.e. excessive loss of
nutrients either natural or artificial means.
6. Pedology: Dealing with the genesis, survey and classification
Soil : it can be defined as natural dynamic body develop as a result of
different pedogenic process which takes place during and after weathering of
rocks and in which all forms of life are able to grow (macro and micro
organism)
Weathering :Transformation of solid rocks into parent material or regolith
due to physical and chemical change.
Regolith : Unconsolidated parent material which lies on hard mass.
Different Approaches
1) Pedalogical approach (origin of soil Survey, classification).
2) Edaphological approach (utility of soil)
1. Pedalogical approach : In this approach soil has been consider as
natural body . in pedological approach origin of soil (genesis),survey,
classification of soil ,examination of soil in the field etc.
2. Edaphological approach : In this approach soil has been consider as
medium for plant growth based on its fertility and productivity .
Prepared by: Prof. S. B. Aware 4
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