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5/25/2022
May 25, 2022
CDI Pocket Guide®
Malnutrition
Pinson & Tang | Copyright © 2022
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About Us
Cynthia Tang
RHIA, CCS, CRC
Cynthia brings over 30 years of
Richard Pinson experience in coding and clinical
MD, FACP, CCS documentation, health information
management, and clinical resource
Dr. Richard Pinson is a physician, management. For over 25 years she
educator, administrator, and has traveled across the country
healthcare consultant. He practiced implementing successful and
Internal Medicine and Emergency sustainable coding and CDI programs
Medicine in Tennessee for over 20 in hundreds of hospitals.
years having board certification in
both.
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Malnutrition
History: Diagnosis of Malnutrition
ASPEN and GLIM Criteria
Treatment
Agenda OIG Audit Risk and Denials
Case Examples
2022 CDI Pocket Guide® Q&A
Page 155‐161
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History: Traditional Diagnosis of Malnutrition
Definition: A chronic state of under‐nourishment Limitations:
Diagnosis based on a subjective clinical judgment Diagnosis based on subjective clinical
considering the number and severity of physical and assessment of multiple clinical features
clinical findings: Problematic use of biomarkers
1. Chronic disease: cancer, end‐stage disease, AIDS, Severity undefined and arbitrary
alcoholism
2. Physical findings: cachexia, emaciation, Mild/moderate commonly overlooked
muscle/adipose wasting Acute, short‐term nutritional
3. Biometrics: unintended weight loss, low BMI, low deficiency not addressed
body weight
4. Biomarkers: low albumin, prealbumin,
transferrin, cholesterol
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ASPEN: 2012
Widely-adopted as a diagnostic standard by nutrition community in U.S.
Definition: Undernutrition meaning any nutrition imbalance
Three Clinical Contexts Clinical Characteristics (2 of 6)
1. Acute illness or injury (duration < 3 months) 1. Insufficient energy intake
Ex. sepsis, major surgery (especially GI), multi‐ 2. Weight loss
system trauma, intubation, prolonged vomiting 3. Loss of subcutaneous fat
2. Chronic illness (duration >3 months) 4. Loss of muscle mass
Ex. widespread metastatic cancer, severe GI
disorders and malabsorption syndromes, HIV, or 5. Localized or generalized fluid accumulation
chemotherapy. (edema) masking weight loss
3. Social/environmental 6. Hand grip strength
Ex. severe debilitation, the elderly living alone
without social support, or lack of care.
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ASPEN: Non‐SevereMalnutrition
Criteria Acute Chronic Social/Environmental
1. Energy intake < 75% estimated energy < 75% estimated < 75% estimated
requirement for > 7 days energy requirement energy requirement
for ≥ 1 month for ≥ 3 months
2. Weight loss, 1‐2% in 1 week 5% in 1 month 5% in 1 month
unintended 5% in 1 month 7.5% in 3
months 7.5% in 3 months
(% of body weight) 7.5% in 3 months 10% in 6 months 10% in 6 months
20% in 1 year 20% in 1 year
3. Body fat loss Mild Mild Mild
4. Muscle mass loss Mild Mild Mild
5. Edema masking Mild Mild Mild
weight loss
6. Reduced grip N/A N/A N/A
strength
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ASPEN: SevereMalnutrition
Criteria Acute Chronic Social/Environmental
1. Energy intake ≤ 50% estimated energy < 75% estimated ≤ 50% estimated
requirement for ≥ 5 days energy requirement energy requirement
for ≥ 1 month for ≥ 1 month
2. Weight loss, > 2% in 1 week > 5% in 1 month > 5% in 1 month
unintended > 5% in 1 month > 7.5% in 3 months > 7.5% in 3 months
(% of body weight) > 7.5% in 3 months > 10% in 6 months > 10% in 6 months
> 20% in 1 year > 20% in 1 year
3. Body fat loss Moderate Severe Severe
4. Muscle mass loss Moderate Severe Severe
5. Edema masking Moderate to severe Severe Severe
weight loss
6. Reduced grip Measurably reduced Measurably reduced Measurably reduced
strength
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