UNIT 1  INTRODUCTION TO LEADERSHIP 
           Structure 
           1.0   Objectives 
           1.1  Introduction 
           1.2   Leadership 
                 1.2.1   Concept 
                 1.2.2   Definition 
                 1.2.3   Characteristics 
                 1.2.4   Leadership Skills 
           1.3   Functions of Leader 
                 1.3.1   Primary Functions 
                 1.3.2  (~ccessory Functions 
           1.4  Power, Authority and Leadership 
                 1.4.1   Kinds  of Power 
                 1.4.2   Use and Misuse of Power 
           1.5   LetUsSumUp 
           1.6   Key Words 
          1.7    Answers  to Check Your Progress 
          1.0  OBJECTIVES 
          After completing this unit, you should be able to: 
                explain the concept of leadership; 
                define leadership; 
                enlist the characteristics of effective leader; 
                enumerate the skills required for leadership; 
                discuss the functions of a leader; and 
                describe the relationship of power and authority with leadership. 
          1.1  INTRODUCTION 
          Health care system and hospital structure has undergone major change in recent years. 
          Along with it, nursing organisations too have undergone changes. Nursing as a profession  . 
          involves more than  day-to-day care of individuals i.e., administration, supervision, etc. 
          Thus, there is a need for effective leadership in nursing at all levels to ensure successful 
                        and direction of group to provide high quality of health care.  But, what is 
          cooperation 
          leadership? This means many things to many people.  We will today explore the concept of 
          leadership. 
          In nursing, the need for leadership is present even at the grassroots level. The student 
          nurse, the ANM and the staff nurse are in potential leadership position, a person in which 
          they can make a difference. It is surprising that many nurses still believe that only senior 
          people in organisations can be nurse leaders . 
          In the following section of the unit we are going to discuss the concept, definition and 
          leadership skills required. We shall then go to bctions of leader.  This will be followed 
                                                     by power, authority and leadership and at the end you will come to know your role of a 
                                                     nurse leader.  Concept of leadership is one of the important aspects of leadership. Now we 
                                                     will introduce you with concept of Leadership. 
                                                     1.2    LEADERSHIP 
                                                     1.2.1    Concept 
                                                     Concept of leadership is one of the important aspects of leadership. Now we will introduce 
                                                     you with concept of leadership. 
                                                     a)   Leaders are made, not born 
                                                     Leadership is not inherited and there is no single type of personality or set of traits that 
                                                      make a leader.  A person can learn the things that are most important in successful 
                                                      leadership. 
                                                                                      Flg. 1.1: Leadership concept6 
                                                      b)  Leadership L a aet of functions, not the role of an individual 
                                                      Leadership is thus defined as the performance of functions which help a group to achieve 
                                                      its objectives.  They refer less to the "leader" of a group and more to "The leadership 
                                                               " in a group. 
                                                      functions
                                                     -  Different situations require different patterns of leadership functions. 
                                                     -  Leadership bctions are more effectively performed when they are distributed within 
                                                           the group. 
                                                      c)   Leader ship and Management 
                                                      Leadership is a cwcept  and is distinct from formal,  informal organizations and 
                                                      hierarchical arrangeme ~ts. 
                                                     -  Leadership is most synonymous with either administration, management or 
                                                           supervision, although participation in these provides a framework wherein leadership 
                                                           may flourish. 
             1.2.2    Definition                                                                                       Introduction to Lerdershlp 
              As you know leadership has been defined by various people but after reading this sub- 
             section you will come to know definition of leadership defined by various people. 
             Leadership has been defined by different people as mentioned below:- 
             Leadership is often regarded as the important modifier of organizational behaviour. 
             Leadership has double meaning: 
             I   To lead means to be in advance, to be prominent. 
             I    To guide others, to be head of an organization, to hold, to command. 
             According to Allen: 
             "Leadership is the activity to persuade people to coordinate and co-operate in the 
             achievement of a common objective.
                                                   " 
             La-Plere: 
             "Leadership is a behaviour that effects the behaviour of other people, than their behaviour 
             affects that of the leader." 
             Mazumdar: 
             "The leadership is one who has authority and power." 
             Sckler Hudson: 
             "Leadership always involves attempts on the part of leader to effect the behaviour of a 
             follower in situation. Leadership is defined 
                                                          as influencing and energizing people to work 
             together with  common effort 
                                            to achieve the common purpose." 
             Chester I Bernard: 
             "Leadership is the quality of the behaviour of individuals whereby they guide people or 
             their activities in an organized effort." 
             George Terry: 
             "The activity of influencing people to strive willingly for group objectivee." 
             Robert, T. Irvlng, RW. & Fred, M.: 
             "~nhteqnmonal influence exercised in a situation and directed, through the 
             communication process, towards the attainment of specialized goal." 
             Harold, K.: 
             "Leadership is influencing people to follow the achievement of a common goal." 
             Ralph, Stogdlll: 
             "The Process of influencing the activities and efforts of an organized group towards goal 
             setting and achievement." 
             Hersy, P. and Blanchard, K.H.: 
             "The process of influencing the activities of an individual or a group in efforts towards goal 
             achievement in a given situation." 
             Paul Plgors: 
             "It is a process of mutual stimulation, which by successful interplay of relevant individual 
             difference, controls human energy 
                                                in pursuit of common cause."                                                                 7 
                                                                  In 1978, James Mac Gregor Burns: 
                                                                  Coined the terms transformational and transactional leadership.  "Leadership over human 
                                                                  beings is exercised when persons with certain motives and purposes mobilize in 
                                                                  competition or conflict with others, institutional, political, psychological, and other 
                                                                                                                                                               " 
                                                                  resources so as to arouse, engage, and satisfy the motives of followers.
                                                                  Nursing Leadership as defined by Molonej 
                                                                  It is a dynami~, adaptive, international, social process of influencing and being influenced 
                                                                  by the behaviour of others and by factors in the situation in efforts towards goal setting and 
                                                                  goal achievement within a social system. 
                                                                  1.2.3  Characteristics 
                                                                  Now you will learn about  the basic characteristics of a leader.  We are sure that you 
                                                                  remember the basic chatacteristics of leader. Being a Nurse leader you should have the 
                                                                  following characteristics, which are listed down, and then  you can provide good patient 
                                                                  care and make judgement to organize patient care. 
                                                                  The leader must have following characteristics: 
                                                                  1)    Enthusiasm: Enthusiasm is the irkpiration for the work and goal achievement. 
                                                                  2)     Courage: The second important characteristic is the ability to face the new problems 
                                                                         all the time. 
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