ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND LEADER EFFECTIVENESS: THE ROLES OF 
                    MACHIAVELLIANISM, NARCISSISM, AND ETHICAL CONTEXT 
                                              
                                            by 
                                              
                                     SARAH E. STRANG 
                                              
                              (Under the Direction of Karl W. Kuhnert) 
                                              
                                        ABSTRACT 
                                              
                The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate Machiavellianism and narcissism 
           as antecedents of ethical leadership and leader effectiveness; in addition the role of ethical 
           context in these relationships is examined. Although no significant effects are found for 
           Machiavellianism, significant effects are found for narcissism when moderated by ethical context 
           on both leader effectiveness and ethical leadership. Findings suggest that the negative direct 
           effect of narcissism may become more salient in an ethical context; on the other hand, 
           perceptions of the effectiveness and ethical leadership of narcissistic leaders may actually be 
           improved in the presence of an unethical context. Implications for both researchers and 
           practitioners are discussed. 
                 
            
           INDEX WORDS:    Ethics, Leadership, Effectiveness, Organization, Ethical Context, 
                           Machiavellianism, Narcissism
                                             
       
                           
                           
          ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND LEADER EFFECTIVENESS: THE ROLES OF 
            MACHIAVELLIANISM, NARCISSISM, AND ETHICAL CONTEXT  
                           
                         By 
                           
                      SARAH E. STRANG 
                  B.S., The University of Georgia, 2004 
                  M.S., The University of Georgia, 2006 
                           
                           
                           
                           
        A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial 
                 Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree 
                           
                           
                    DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 
                           
                           
                      ATHENS, GEORGIA 
                         2008
                                             
                           
                           
                           
                           
                           
                           
                           
                           
                           
                           
                           
                           
                           
                           
                           
                           
                           
                           
                           
                        © 2008 
                       Sarah E. Strang 
                      All Rights Reserved
                                                                                                           
                                                               
                                                               
                       ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND LEADER EFFECTIVENESS: THE ROLES OF 
                            MACHIAVELLIANISM, NARCISSISM, AND ETHICAL CONTEXT  
                                                               
                                                             By 
                                                               
                                                    SARAH E. STRANG 
                                                               
                                                               
                                                               
                                                               
                                                               
                                                               
                                                               
                                                               
                                                           Major Professor:      Karl W. Kuhnert 
                                                            
                                                            
                                                           Committee:            W. Keith Campbell 
                                                              Brian Hoffman 
                                                              Wendy Ruona 
                
                
               Electronic Version Approved: 
                
               Maureen Grasso 
               Dean of the Graduate School 
               The University of Georgia 
               May 2008