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KLM Technology Rev: 01
Group
SOLUTIONS, STANDARDS AND SOFTWARE
Practical Engineering Rev 1 September 2017
Guidelines for Processing
Plant Solutions www.klmtechgroup.com
KLM Technology Group Petrochemcial Manufacturing Reports
#03-12 Block Aronia,
Jalan Sri Perkasa 2 Editor / Author
Taman Tampoi Utama Natural Gas Processing 502
81200 Johor Bahru Karl Kolmetz
KLM Technology Group has developed; 1) Process Engineering Equipment
Design Guidelines, 2) Equipment Design Software, 3) Project Engineering
Standards and Specifications, 4) Petrochemical Manufacturing Reports and
5) Unit Operations Manuals. Each has many hours of engineering
development.
KLM is providing the introduction to this guideline for free on the internet.
Please go to our website to order the complete document.
www.klmtechgroup.com
KLM Technology Page 2 of 650
Group Petrochemcial Manufacturing Reports
Rev: 01
Practical Engineering
Guidelines for Processing Plant Natural Gas Processing 502
Solutions September 2017
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTIONS 22
DEFINITIONS 51
CHAPTER 2: REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS 70
Types of Refrigeration 74
Refrigeration Stages 80
Carnot Refrigeration Cycle 84
Refrigerant Nomenclature 87
Selecting Refrigerant 92
Mechanical Refrigeration 93
Equipments for Mechanical Refrigeration 109
Absorption Refrigeration 133
Application 140
Application1:Vapor-Compression Refrigeration System(Single Stage) 140
Application2:Vapor-Compression Refrigeration System(Multi Stage) 143
Application 3: Cascade System 146
Interpolation 149
CHAPTER 3: CRYOGENIC HEAT EXCHANGER 152
These design guideline are believed to be as accurate as possible, but are very general and not for specific design
cases. They were designed for engineers to do preliminary designs and process specification sheets. The final
design must always be guaranteed for the service selected by the manufacturing vendor, but these guidelines will
greatly reduce the amount of up front engineering hours that are required to develop the final design. The guidelines
are a training tool for young engineers or a resource for engineers with experience.
This document is entrusted to the recipient personally, but the copyright remains with us. It must not be copied,
reproduced or in any way communicated or made accessible to third parties without our written consent.
KLM Technology Page 3 of 650
Group Petrochemcial Manufacturing Reports
Rev: 01
Practical Engineering
Guidelines for Processing Plant Natural Gas Processing 502
Solutions September 2017
Low temperature In Science and Technology 152
Cryogenic Fluid 157
Properties of Cryogenic Fluids 163
Cryogenic Usage for Equipment Cooldown 166
Phase Domains 167
Heat Transfer and Thermal Design 168
Properties of Solids 169
Refrigeration and Liquifaction 173
Expansion Types of Refrigerators 174
Liquefaction 181
Application: Cryogenic Heat Exchangers 184
Challenges in the Modeling of CHE 185
Present Models for Heat Exchanger Design 190
Lumped Parameters Models (LPM) 191
Distributed Parameters Models (DPM) 194
Stream Evolution Models (SEM) 195
Scope of The Work 196
Heat Exchanger in Cryogenic Processes 197
High Effectiveness HE are Required 198
Application 200
These design guideline are believed to be as accurate as possible, but are very general and not for specific design
cases. They were designed for engineers to do preliminary designs and process specification sheets. The final
design must always be guaranteed for the service selected by the manufacturing vendor, but these guidelines will
greatly reduce the amount of up front engineering hours that are required to develop the final design. The guidelines
are a training tool for young engineers or a resource for engineers with experience.
This document is entrusted to the recipient personally, but the copyright remains with us. It must not be copied,
reproduced or in any way communicated or made accessible to third parties without our written consent.
KLM Technology Page 4 of 650
Group Petrochemcial Manufacturing Reports
Rev: 01
Practical Engineering
Guidelines for Processing Plant Natural Gas Processing 502
Solutions September 2017
CHAPTER 4: GAS SWEETENING SYSTEMS 204
Process Flow Scheme 208
Absorber Design 211
Regenerator Design 217
Rich Solution Hydrocarbon Flash/Skimming Drum Design 223
Rich/Lean Exchanger Design 224
Surge Tank Design 227
Reclaimer Design 228
Filter Design 231
Carbon Treater (Charcoal Filter) 232
Anti-foam Agent Injection Facilities Design 234
Corrosion Control 235
Application:
Application 1: Calculated Heat Duty, Area, and Power Requirements for MEA 243
Application 2: Calculated Heat Duty, Area, and Power Requirements for DEA 245
Application 3: Calculated Acid Gas Absorbed, Rich/Lean Load, and
Bulge Temperature 247
CHAPTER 5: GAS DEHYDRATION 253
These design guideline are believed to be as accurate as possible, but are very general and not for specific design
cases. They were designed for engineers to do preliminary designs and process specification sheets. The final
design must always be guaranteed for the service selected by the manufacturing vendor, but these guidelines will
greatly reduce the amount of up front engineering hours that are required to develop the final design. The guidelines
are a training tool for young engineers or a resource for engineers with experience.
This document is entrusted to the recipient personally, but the copyright remains with us. It must not be copied,
reproduced or in any way communicated or made accessible to third parties without our written consent.
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