MODERNISATION  OF  HIGHER  EDUCATION  
                                       IN  CENTRAL  ASIA  
                                 THROUGH  NEW  TECHNOLOGIES  
                                         ( HiEdTec ) 
             
                           Objected Oriented Programming 
                                  Lecture12: Procedure 
             
            Procedure 
                A procedure allows us to group a block of code under a name, known as a pr
            ocedure name. We can call the block of code from anywhere in the program to exe
            cute the instructions it contains. We can also pass values to the procedure to chang
            e how it works. 
            In this example I want to print the squares of the numbers from 1 to 20: 
            #This is a procedure called output 
            #It will print a given number and its square 
            def output(number): 
                print(number,"squared =",number*number) 
            #This is the start of the main program 
            number = 1 
            while  number < 21: 
                output(number) 
                number = number + 1 
                 
            Multiple Parameters 
             
            A parameter is the variable (or variables) that get passed to the procedure. You can 
            require more than one parameter: 
            def output(number1,number2): 
                print(number1,"+",number2,"=",number1+number2) 
            for counter in range(20): 
                number = counter**2 
                output(counter,number) 
             
                       MODERNISATION  OF  HIGHER  EDUCATION  
                              IN  CENTRAL  ASIA  
                          THROUGH  NEW  TECHNOLOGIES  
                                ( HiEdTec ) 
          
          
         You can pass as many parameters as you like to a procedure as long as you set it 
         up correctly. 
          
         Optional Parameters 
          
         Once you have defined a procedure, you can call it in a number of ways: 
         def output(grade,score=50,feedback="Well done!"): 
             print("You scored",score,"which is a grade",grade,feedback) 
         output("C") 
         output("A",87) 
         output("E",12,"Rubbish!") 
         You can pass as many (or few) of the parameters as you like - as long as they’re in 
         the right order. This means you have to plan the procedure quite carefully. 
          
          
          
          
          
                                   
                                   
          
          
          
          
                           MODERNISATION  OF  HIGHER  EDUCATION  
                                   IN  CENTRAL  ASIA  
                              THROUGH  NEW  TECHNOLOGIES  
                                     ( HiEdTec ) 
            
            
                               REFERENCES: 
                                
           1.”Turkmenistanyn Konstitusiýasy”. Aşgabat, TDNG.2008. 
           2. ”Turkmenistanyn Prezidenti Gurbanguly Malikgulyyewiç Berdimuhamedowyň gysgaça 
           terjimehaly”.- Asgabat, TDNG.2007. 
           3. Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow. ”Garaşsyzlyga guwanmak, Watany, halky söýmek bagtdyr”- 
           Asgabat, TDNG.2007. 
           4. Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow.” Parahatçylyk, döredijilik, progres syýasatynyň 
           dabaralanmagy”- Asgabat, TDNG.2007. 
           5. Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow. “Halkyň saýlany we ynam bildireni”- Asgabat,TDNG.2007. 
           6. John Shovic and Alan Simpson, “Python All-in-One For Dummies”, New Jersey, 2019 
           7. Michel Anders, “Python 3 Web Development Beginner's Guide”, UK, 2011 Packt 
           Publishing 
           8. Python Crash Course, 2nd Edition: A Hands-On, Project-Based Introduction. 3pnK 
           MaTTec. 20 Hoadpa 2015 r. 
           9. Automate the Boring Stuff with Python: Practical Programming for Total. Ant 
           CBenrapT. 14 anpena 2015 r. 
           10. Fluent Python. Knnra, Jlycnano Pamanbo. 2015 r. 
           11. David Beazley and Brian Jones , “Python Cookbook, Third Edition” United States of 
           America, 2013 
           12. www.w3schools.com 
           13. Problem book on programming. Scalar types, control statements, procedures and 
           functions, arrays, strings, files, recursion, dynamic data structures. A. V. Abramyan, M. E. 
           Abramyan. The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Southern 
           Federal University. Rostov-on-Don 2014 
           14. Python Programming for Beginners: An Introduction to the Python Computer 
           Programming. Kunra, Alencon KOHHOH. 2014 r 
           15. Fluent Python. Knnra, Jlycnano Pamanbo. 2015 r. 
           16. JerKHH cnocod BbiyunTb Python. Kunra, 3eg ffloy. 19 ceHTadpa 2013 r. 
           17. www.tutorialspoint.com 
                       MODERNISATION  OF  HIGHER  EDUCATION  
                               IN  CENTRAL  ASIA  
                          THROUGH  NEW  TECHNOLOGIES  
                                ( HiEdTec ) 
          
                           Problem set #12 
                         Choose correct answer 
           1.  Does the function call in the following function cause syntax errors? 
             import math 
             def main(): 
                 math.sin(math.pi) 
             main() 
             a)yes 
             b)no 
           2.   Which of the following should be defined as a None function? 
             a)  Write a function that prints integers from 1 to 100. 
             b)  Write a function that returns a random integer from 1 to 100. 
             c)  Write a function that checks whether a number is from 1 to 100. 
             d) Write a function that converts an uppercase letter to lowercase. 
           3.  Consider the following incomplete code: 
             def f(number): 
               # Missing function body 
             print(f(5)) 
             The missing function body should be ________. 
             a)  return "number" 
             b)  print(number) 
             c)  print("number") 
             d) return number