Practical C++ Programming
                               Steve Oualline
                             O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. 
                    Beijing · Cambridge · Köln · Paris · Sebastopol · Taipei · Tokyo
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         Practical C++ Programming 
         by Steve Oualline
         Copyright © 1995 O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. 
         Printed in the United States of America.
         Editors: Adrian Nye and Dale Dougherty 
         Production Editor: Nicole Gipson 
         Printing History:
         August 1995 First Edition. 
         January 1997: Minor corrections.
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         ISBN. 1-56592-139-9                                                  [12/98]
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               Table of Contents
                   Preface                                                                      xv
               I:  The Basics                                                                    1
               1:  What Is C++? 3                                                                3
                   A Brief History of C++                                                        3
                   C++ Organization                                                              4
                   How to Learn C++                                                              6
               2:  The Basics of Program Writing                                                 9
                   Programs from Conception to Execution                                        12
                   Creating a Real Program                                                      13
                   Creating a Program Using a Command-Line Compiler                             13
                   Creating a Program Using an Integrated Development Environment               16
                   Getting Help in UNIX                                                         32
                   Getting Help in an Integrated Development Environment                        33
                   Programming Exercises                                                        33
               3:  Style                                                                        35
                   Comments                                                                     36
                   C++ Code 4                                                                   41
                   Naming Style                                                                 42
                   Coding Religion                                                              43
                   Indentation and Code Format                                                  43
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                   Clarity                                                                      44
                                                                                                44
                   Simplicity                                                                   45
                   Consistency and Organization                                                 46
                   Further Reading                                                              46
                   Summary                                                                      46
               4:  Basic Declarations and Expressions                                           49
                   The Elements of a Program                                                    49
                   Basic Program Structure                                                      50
                   Simple Expressions                                                           51
                   The cout Output Class                                                        53
                   Variables and Storage                                                        53
                   Variable Declarations                                                        54
                   Integers                                                                     55
                   Assignment Statements                                                        56
                   Floating Point Numbers                                                       57
                   Floating Point Versus Integer Divide                                         58
                   Characters                                                                   59
                   Programming Exercises                                                        60
                   Answers Chapter Questions                                                    61
               5:  Arrays, Qualifiers, and Reading Numbers                                      63
                   Arrays                                                                       63
                   Strings                                                                      64
                   Reading Data                                                                 67
                   Initializing Variables                                                       69
                   Multidimensional Arrays                                                      70
                   Types of Integers                                                            72
                   Types of Floats                                                              74
                                                 74
          Constant and Reference Declarations    74
          Qualifiers                             76
          Hexadecimal and Octal Constants        78
          Operators for Performing Shortcuts     78
          Side Effects                           79
          Programming Exercises                  82
          Answers to Chapter Questions           82
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        6: Decision and Control Statements       85
           if Statement                          85
           else Statement                        87
           How Not to Use strcmp                 88
           Looping Statements                    88
           while Statement                       88
           Break Statement                       91
           continue Statement                    92
           The Assignment Anywhere Side Effect   92
           Programming Exercises                 94
           Answers to Chapter Questions          95
        7. The Programming Process               97
           Setting Up                            99
           The Specification                    100
           Code Design                          101
           The Prototype                        102
           The Makefile                         103