About The Tutorial 
               C  is  a  general-purpose,  procedural,  imperative  computer  programming  language 
               developed in 1972 by Dennis M. Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories to develop the 
               UNIX operating system. 
               C is the most widely used computer language. It keeps fluctuating at number one scale of 
               popularity along with Java programming language, which is also equally popular and most 
               widely used among modern software programmers. 
               Audience 
               This tutorial is designed for software programmers with a need to understand the C 
               programming  language  starting  from  scratch.  This  tutorial  will  give  you  enough 
               understanding on C programming language from where you can take yourself to higher 
               level of expertise. 
               Prerequisites 
               Before proceeding with this tutorial, you should have a basic understanding of Computer 
               Programming terminologies. A basic understanding of any of the programming languages 
               will help you in understanding the C programming concepts and move fast on the learning 
               track.  
               Copyright & Disclaimer 
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          Table of Contents 
             About The Tutorial ..................................................................................................................................... i 
             Audience .................................................................................................................................................... i 
             Prerequisites .............................................................................................................................................. i 
             Copyright & Disclaimer .............................................................................................................................. i 
             Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................... ii 
          1. OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................................. 1 
             Facts about C ............................................................................................................................................ 1 
             Why Use C? ............................................................................................................................................... 1 
             C Programs ................................................................................................................................................ 2 
          2. ENVIORNMENT SETUP ............................................................................................................ 3 
             Try it Option Online .................................................................................................................................. 3 
             Local Environment Setup .......................................................................................................................... 3 
               Text Editor ................................................................................................................................................ 3 
               The C Compiler ......................................................................................................................................... 4 
             Installation on UNIX/Linux ........................................................................................................................ 4 
             Installation on Mac OS .............................................................................................................................. 5 
             Installation on Windows ........................................................................................................................... 5 
          3. PROGRAM STRUCTURE ........................................................................................................... 6 
             Hello World Example ................................................................................................................................ 6 
             Compile and Execute C Program ............................................................................................................... 7 
          4. BASIC SYNTAX ......................................................................................................................... 8 
             Tokens in C ................................................................................................................................................ 8 
             Semicolons ................................................................................................................................................ 8 
             Comments ................................................................................................................................................ 8 
             Identifiers ................................................................................................................................................. 9 
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          Keywords .................................................................................................................................................. 9 
          Whitespace in C ...................................................................................................................................... 10 
        5. DATA TYPES ........................................................................................................................... 11 
          Integer Types .......................................................................................................................................... 11 
          Floating-Point Types ............................................................................................................................... 13 
          The void Type.......................................................................................................................................... 14 
        6. VARIABLES ............................................................................................................................. 15 
          Variable Definition in C ........................................................................................................................... 15 
          Variable Declaration in C ......................................................................................................................... 16 
          Lvalues and Rvalues in C ......................................................................................................................... 18 
        7. CONSTANTS AND LITERALS ................................................................................................... 19 
          Integer Literals ........................................................................................................................................ 19 
          Floating-point Literals ............................................................................................................................. 20 
          Character Constants ................................................................................................................................ 20 
          String Literals .......................................................................................................................................... 21 
          Defining Constants .................................................................................................................................. 22 
           The #define Preprocessor ...................................................................................................................... 22 
           The const Keyword ................................................................................................................................. 23 
        8. STORAGE CLASSES ................................................................................................................. 24 
          The auto Storage Class ............................................................................................................................ 24 
          The register Storage Class ....................................................................................................................... 24 
          The static Storage Class ........................................................................................................................... 25 
          The extern Storage Class ......................................................................................................................... 26 
        9. OPERATORS ........................................................................................................................... 28 
          Arithmetic Operators .............................................................................................................................. 28 
          Relational Operators ............................................................................................................................... 30 
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