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Continue Grokking the dynamic programming interview Coding interviews are getting harder every day. A few years back, brushing up on key data structures and going through 50–75 practice coding interview questions was more than enough prep for an interview. Today, everyone has access to massive sets of coding problems, and they’ve gotten more difficult as well. The overall interview process has gotten more competitive. In this post, I’d like to share a strategy I follow to prepare for coding interviews. My software engineering career spans around 15 years, in which I’ve switched jobs five times. I’ve given around 30 interview loops containing 120+ interviews. I have some experience sitting on the other side of the table too. I’ve taken 200+ coding interviews and 100+ system design interviews. I consider myself a reasonably smart engineer, but I had my challenges solving coding problems on a whiteboard, especially in an interview setting with someone evaluating me. To tackle this, I’d spend a reasonable time for preparation and practice. One thing I didn’t realize was that while doing my preparation, I was following a systematic approach. I would go through 12–15 questions, practicing two hours every day. This meant that I could solve 350+ questions within one month. Using this routine, I was able to crack my interviews for FAANGs (Facebook, Apple, Amazon, Netflix, Google). How was I able to practice 12+ coding questions every day with a fulltime job? Well, I wasn’t solving coding problems but practicing to map problems onto problems that I’d already solved. I used to read a problem and spend a few minutes to map it to a similar problem I’d seen before. If I could map it, I’d focus only on the different constraints this problem had compared to the parent problem. If it was a new problem, then I’d try to solve it and also read around to find smart ways other people used to devise its algorithm. Over time, I developed a set of problem-patterns that helped me quickly map a problem to an already-known one. Here are some examples of these patterns: If the given input is sorted (array, list, or matrix), then we will use a variation of Binary Search or a Two Pointers strategy. If we’re dealing with top/maximum/minimum/closest k elements among n elements, we will use a Heap. If we need to try all combinations (or permutations) of the input, we can either use recursive Backtracking or iterative Breadth-First Search. Following this pattern-based approach helped me save a lot of preparation time. Once you’re familiar with a pattern, you’ll be able to solve dozens of problems with it. In addition, this strategy made me confident to tackle unknown problems, as I’ve been practicing mapping unknown problems to known ones. In the remaining post, I will share all the patterns I’ve collected and present sample problems for a few. For a detailed discussion of these and related problems with solutions take a look at Grokking the Coding Interview. Sample Problem for Binary Search Bitonic array maximum Problem statement Find the maximum value in a given Bitonic array. An array is considered bitonic if it is monotonically increasing and then monotonically decreasing. Monotonically increasing or decreasing means that for any index i in the array, arr[i] != arr[i+1]. Example: Input: [1, 3, 8, 12, 4, 2], Output: 12 Solution A bitonic array is a sorted array; the only difference is that its first part is sorted in ascending order, and the second part is sorted in descending order. We can use a variation of Binary Search to solve this problem. Remember that in Binary Search we have start, end, and middle indices and in each step we reduce our search space by moving start or end. Since no two consecutive numbers are the same (as the array is monotonically increasing or decreasing), whenever we calculate the middle index for Binary Search, we can compare the numbers pointed out by the index middle and middle+1 to find if we are in the ascending or the descending part. So: If arr[middle] > arr[middle + 1], we are in the second (descending) part of the bitonic array. Therefore, our required number could either be pointed out by middle or will be before middle. This means we will do end = middle. If arr[middle] S = S - node.value, b) Make two recursive calls for both the children of the current node with the new number calculated in the previous step. At every step, see if the current node being visited is a leaf node and if its value is equal to the given number S. If both are true, we have found the required root-to-leaf path, therefore return true. If the current node is a leaf, but its value is not equal to the given number S, return false. Code Here is what our algorithm will look like: Conclusion Following these patterns helped me tremendously to save time for my coding interview prep. Take a look at Grokking the Coding Interview and Grokking Dynamic Programming Patterns for Coding Interviews to find more of such patterns and their sample problems. Check Design Gurus for some good courses on Programming Interviews and System Design interviews. Rishabhraghwendra18 - Jun 8 Forem Open with the Forem app Hello guys, today, I am going to talk about a new online learning platform called Educative, a text-based, interactive learning platform. If you are an online learner like me, you might have heard about Educative or come across some of its excellent and most popular courses like Grokking the System Design Interviews course, which I have mentioned earlier in my article about System design Interviews questions. So, what is so special about Educative? How different is it from other popular online platforms like Udemy, Coursera, Pluralsight, and Codecademy? Well, Educative is different becuase it is mainly a text-based learning platform that allows you to code and program right in the browser. Unlike Udemy or Coursera, where you learn by watching videos, you learn more by reading and trying code samples in Educative. There are some distinct advantages of learning by reading, particularly rich-text. For example, reading is always faster than watching videos, and I have seen many people just skipping to find out interesting information between long and boring videos. With text, you can skip faster and also take notes easier. The Edutive's cutting-edge technology also allows you to run code in the browser. This means you can learn Python, Java, Ruby, JavaScript, and even C++ in the browser using Educative's innovating code widgets. In short, the Educative platform has a lot to offer as a platform and it's worth looking at, but just a platform will not be enough unless you have some excellent courses that utilize the full potential of the platform and provide you an amazing learning experience and educative is full of them. In this article, I am going to share with you the top 10 Educative Courses for Programmers and Software Engineers. You can check out these courses to level up essential skills for programmers like System design, Algorithms, Docker, Kubernetes, React, JavaScript, C++, and Dynamic programming. These are the truly useful skills to master and Educative's interactive learning platform will help you to master them quickly. Without wasting any more of your time, here is a list of the best interactive, text-based courses from the Educative.io platform for programmers and software engineers. They have been created by experts and Educative's state of art platform makes learning easy with interactive quizzes, and the ability to run the program right from your browser. This is actually the first and probably the best course I have seen on Educative. Created by Design Guru this course tackles the topic of System design. If you have attended coding interviews then you may know that dealing with System design questions is not easy, especially if you don't have much experience in real-world software development. Things like caching, scalability, fault-tolerance, Microservices, database design are important to design software but not easy to master. This course provides a good introduction to all the things you can keep in mind while designing a new system like a website, an application, or just an app. This course is a must if you want to crack the coding interview but even if you are not preparing for an interview, you will learn a lot about software architect and design by going through this course which will eventually make you a better programmer. This one is another fantastic course from the Educative platform for programmers. Unlike other online courses where you prepare for coding interviews by solving problems, this course will teach you how to find underlying coding patterns so that you can solve similar problems on coding interviews. This technique of finding patterns and developing coding sense is a must if you want to crack a coding interview on companies like Google, Microsoft, Amazon, Apple, Facebook, NetFlix, or any FAANG company. Why? because they often give you a coding problem that you have never seen before. If you know how to break the problem into recognized patterns you can solve them. I highly recommend this course to anyone who is preparing for coding interviews but just like the previous course, even if you are not preparing for an interview, you can join this course to improving your coding skill and become a better developer. This is the third course I have chosen from Educative for programmers preparing for coding interview and that's becuase Educative really have the best collection of coding interview courses. This course tackles another difficult topic of Dynamic Programming from coding interviews. If you don't know Dynamic Programming is a technique to solve complex problems by breaking them down into smaller similar problems. It uses Recursion and Memoization to solve individual parts to eventually solve the bigger problem, but it's not easy to master. This course will give you all the knowledge you need to master Dynamic Programming and you will learn by solving the most popular dynamic programming problem from interviews so that you are ready to solve them when you really need it. If there is one tool every programmer should learn this year, then it should be Docker. If you don't know what is Docker? then let me tell you that Docker is a container tool that solves the problem of executing a complex application with so many dependencies. It also solves the problem of deployment on the scale because it bundles the application and all its dependency into a single Docker image (similar to a tar file) and you just have to deploy that image instead of setting up the whole environment by installing OS, shells, and different dependencies. The best thing about Docker is that Docker containers are very lightweight and can be deployed on any physical and virtual machine, which makes them ideal for cloud deployments like on AWS, GCP, and Azure. This course, Docker for Developers will teach you all the things a Developer should know about Docker, and Educative's interactive learning platform means you will learn Docker by practicing and doing hands-on exercise Along with Docker, Kubernetes is another tool that is taking the world by storm. It takes the container deployment to the next level. While Docker solves the problem of application deployment by bundling application code, dependency, and runtime environments like OS and Java, .NET, and Node into a single Docker image file, it is still not easy to spawn and manage hundreds and thousands of containers depending upon scalability needs. Kubernetes solves this problem by automating container management. IT can automatically create new containers when your traffic doubles up and can shut them down when your application load returns to normal. If you aspire to become a DevOps engineer or just want to become a full-stack developer, learning Kubernetes can enhance your profile and this course can really help you to learn Kubernetes in depth. AWS is another skill that I think every developer should acquire, not just to enhance their profile and CV but also to learn how the application will be executed in the near future. Since cloud computing is the future of software development and more and more applications are now run from the Cloud, it becomes imperative for a developer to know how the cloud works and how essential things like computers, memory, storage, and network are provisioned. but, learning AWS can be tedious and time-consuming with so many services and their options, that's where this course help. This course teaches you the good and essential parts of AWS. You won’t find most of the knowledge shared in this course anywhere else or in the AWS docs. The goal here is to help you realize which AWS features you’d be foolish not to use — features that have passed the test of time by being at the backbone of most things on the Internet. There is no doubt that JavaScript is the kind of web development, the most lucrative path of Software development but JavaScript has changed a lot in the last few years. It's not the same JavaScript you and I learned as part of our client-side validation 10 years ago. Modern JavaScript is a much more powerful programming language including both OOP and Functional programming features to write clean and concise code. This course, The Complete Guide to Modern JavaScript will guide you from the basics of the language to all the new features introduced up until now. Whether you are a beginner to JavaScript or already have some experience, this course will only enhance your JavaScript knowledge and make you a better developer. You’ll also test your knowledge with quizzes and some coding challenges by using the Educative' interactive online learning platform. Apart from coding interview courses, C++ is another topic where Educative have the best courses. They have courses covering individual C++ areas like Template, Embedded programming, and then courses like this one which goes deep on C++17. This course describes all the significant changes in C++17 and will give you the essential knowledge to stay at the edge of the latest features. What’s more, each section contains lots of practical examples and uses a bottom-up approach to give you a more comfortable start If you want to take your C++ skills to the next level then I highly recommend this course to you and if you want, you can also check out their other C++ titles. You know what, you can actually take an Educative subscription to try out all these courses instead of buying them individually. It's a much better deal becuase of the cost of $14.99 per month you get access to their 140+ course library. As I said, Educative has the best online courses for preparing for programming job interviews, and concurrency is one of the key skills for coding interviews. It's not just important to pass the interview but also to work on today's high-performance and highly concurrent applications. Concurrency in Java is one of the most complex and advanced topics brought up during senior engineering interviews. Knowledge of Concurrency and Multithreading can put interviewees at a considerable advantage. This course lays the foundations of advanced concurrency and multithreading and explains concepts such as Monitors and Deferred Callbacks in depth. It will also teach you how to solve popular concurrency coding problems that can be asked about in interviews like the Reader-Writer Problem and the Dining Philosopher Problem. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced Java programmer, I highly recommend this course to you if you want to take your concurrency skills to the next level There is no doubt that React.js is the number one framework for frontend development. Just like JavaScript is a kind of Web development and Python is the king of DataScinece React is also the most important for any frontend developer. You may know to React already but the thing is that React.js keeps changing and introduced a new feature in every release and it's not easy to keep up with them and that's where this course help. n this course you will take a deep dive into React fundamentals, covering all new React concepts including Hooks. I do address some legacy features in case you’re working with an older codebase, but the majority of this course will focus on working with modern React. You will learn how to style your app, techniques for maintaining your app, and some more advanced concepts like performance optimization. Software architecture is one topic that many developers don't pay the required attention to. Unfortunately, there are also not good materials available to learn about different software architecture, their pros and cons together. You need to search hard and need to know how to find those gems of articles and you may find them if you are really lucky but for most of us it just passes by and so this useful topic remains weak. This course solves that problem by explaining everything about Software architecture programmers need to know. If you’re looking for a complete course on web application and software architecture, I recommend checking out this Web Application and Software Architecture 101 course on Educative. This is a useful course for anyone looking to strengthen their overall knowledge of software architecture. That's all about the 10 best Educative Courses for Programmers and Software Engineers. This list includes courses that are very good for preparing programming interviews like Grokking series as well as some awesome courses to learn tools like Docker and Kubernetes and programming languages like Python, Java, C++, and JavaScript. If you find these online courses and Educative platforms useful then you can also consider getting an Educative Subscription which gives you access to their 100+ courses for just $18 per month. Sometimes you need this flexibility of joining a course you want instead of purchasing it. It's also a better deal if you are going to attend more than a couple of courses on Educative in a year. Other Useful Resources for Programmers and Developers Thanks for reading this article so far. If you find these online courses and Educative platforms useful then please share with your friends and colleagues. If you have any questions or feedback then please drop a note. Learning has never been so easy and fun. P. S. - If you are looking for some free courses to explore the Educative platform and their interactive learning tools then I also suggest you check out my earlier article about 10 Free Educative courses for Programmers and Developers. 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