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Outer Electron Configurations.notebook October 25, 2009
Classifying elements by group, period, and block
Outer electron configurations
Involves the electrons in the highest occupied energy level
Can also include electrons in the d and f sublevels under the
following conditions:
The sublevel is incomplete
OR
The element is in the same period as the completed
sublevel.
Oct 2910:08 PM
Examples of outer electron configurations:
1 1
Na [Ne] 3s Outer electron config. 3s
2 5 2 5
Cl [Ne] 3s 3p Outer electron config. 3s 3p
2 7 2 7
Ni [Ar] 4s 3d Outer electron config. 4s 3d
2 7 1 2 7 1
Gd [Xe] 6s 4f 5d Outer electron config. 6s 4f 5d
2 14 10 4 2 14 10 4
Po [Xe] 6s 4f 5d 6p Outer electron config. 6s 4f 5d 6p
Most easily identified as the entries at the end of the noble gas
configuration.
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Outer Electron Configurations.notebook October 25, 2009
What's so important about electrons in that part of the configuration?
Electrons in the outer configuration are the furthest away
from the nucleus
Most likely to be involved in chemical bonding
Valence electrons
From the outermost s and p sublevel
The first electrons used in bonding
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Patterns in the periodic table for outer electron configuration
Group 1
Element Outer Electron Configuration
1
H 1s
1
Li 2s
1
Na 3s
1
K 4s
1
Rb 5s
1
Cs 6s
1
Fr 7s
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Outer Electron Configurations.notebook October 25, 2009
All group 1 elements have the same outer electron configuration pattern.
1
s
n
n = period number
2
Likewise, all group 2 elements follow the pattern s .
n
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For the main group elements
Group Number Name Group Configuration
1
1 Alkali Metals ns
2
2 Alkaline Earth Metals s
n
2 1
13 Boron Family s p
n n
2 2
14 Carbon Family s p
n n
2 3
15 Nitrogen Family ns np
2 4
16 Oxygen Family ns np
2 5
17 Halogens s p
n n
2 6
18 Noble Gases s p
n n
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Outer Electron Configurations.notebook October 25, 2009
Example
2 10 2
Given electron configuration [Kr] 5s 4d 5p identify the following
about the element:
Period
Block
Group
Answer:
Period corresponds to high occupied energy level 5
Block: Sublevel on final entry p
2 2
Group: Outer configuration matches ns np 14
Oct 309:11 PM
Example
Write the expected outer electron configuration for the element located
at the following position on the periodic table:
Group 16, Period 4
Answer:
2 4
4s 4p
Notes:
2 4
The pattern ns np matches group 16
The 4 out front matches the period number
Oct 309:17 PM
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