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LAB 1
HOW THE WEB WORKS
What You Will Learn
About IP addresses and Domain Names
About some web browser plugins to help with development
Examine headers sent by the HTTP protocol
How to trace the route that your packets take
Approximate Time
The walkthroughs in this lab should take approximately 30 minutes to complete.
Fundamentals of Web Development
with PHP
Randy Connolly and Ricardo Hoar
Textbook by Pearson
http://www.funwebdev.com
2 Lab 1
HOW THE WEB WORKS
Exercise 1.1 — YOUR IP ADDRESS
1 Depending on what OS you are using, there are different tools you must use to get
your IP address. We will use the most fundamental techniques possible, which are
least affected by OS upgrades and user interfaces.
I N WINDOWS
Open up the command window by either clicking a shortcut, or typing cmd in the
run window.
ON MAC OR LINUX
Open up a terminal window, by going into applications and choosing a terminal.
Either way a small text window should appear that will take your commands. It may
show your computer name or current location depending on the version and
configuration. This command window is an essential tools for the web developer.
Become familiar with it.
2 In the newly opened command window you will type a simple command and get
back information about your IP address. Because most computers have multiple
adapters you will get IP information for each installed and configured device. This
could be a wired connection, and a wireless connection. Since only 1 is being used at a
time, we will look for the information about that at adapter. This output may seem
daunting at first, but provides you with esstenial information.
I N WINDOWS
Into the cmd window type
ipconfig
The output will include output showing your IP address similar to:
Wireless LAN adapter Wireless Network Connection:
Connection‐specific DNS Suffix . :
Link‐local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::fc13:750:ffdd:1337%14
IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.11
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1
Fundamentals of Web Development 3
WEB DEVELOPMENT
ON MAC OR LINUX
Into the terminal type:
/sbin/ifconfig
The output will include output similar to the following.
en1: flags=8863 mtu 1500
ether c8:bc:c8:c2:74:91
inet6 fe80::cabc:c8ff:fec2:7491%en1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5
inet 192.168.1.3 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255
media: autoselect
status: active
3 Now you very likley have an internal IP address, unless you connected directly to the
internet. IP addresses in the ranges are internal.
10.0.0.0 ‐ 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 ‐ 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
If so, we will have to determine what IP address wea re sharing, since that is the IP we
will be known as outside our internal network.
The easiest technique is to go to a web server on the internet that is designed to echo
your IP address. Surf to http://examples.funwebdev.com/ipaddress.php and you will
see your external IP address.
It's important to remember that every time you visit a web page you transmit this
external IP address in order to respond to your request with data. Similarly, every
visitor to your site sends you their IP.
Copyright © Randy Connolly and Ricardo Hoar
4 Lab 1
Exercise 1.2 — ANALYZING COMPONENTS OF A WEB PAGE
1 To do this next walkthorugh you must have firebug installed in your firefox web
browser. To check, or install firebug
1. Go to tools‐> add‐ons in the firefox menu
2. Click on the Extensions tab and see if if firebug is listed. If not
3. Type firebug into the search window
4. Click install next to firebug and restart your browser
2 With firebug installed we can now do some powerful analysis of web page load times
as described in Chapter 1. The first time you use firebug you will have to enable it.
Surf to the webpage from Exercise 1 (to
http://examples.funwebdev.com/ipaddress.php) and enable firebug
by clicking on the firebug icon.
3 You will now see the firebug tool opoened below the web page. The tool has many
tabs as shown below. Select the Net tab, and you may have to click Enable, and then
reload
4 With the Net tab selected, you will now see all the requests that this web page makes
to load itself completely. Trneds can be seen such as how many seperate domains
resources are requested from, which resources take the most time, and the total load
time.
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