Research Article 
                               _______________________________________________________________________ 
                                
                                                                                                                                         Journal of Tourism, Hospitality  
                               Tourism development plan for the                                                                          & Culinary Arts (JTHCA) 
                                                                                                                                         2019, Vol. 11 (1) pp 65-81 
                                                                                                                                         © The Author(s) 2019 
                               Calicoan Island: A community-                                                                             Reprints and permission:  
                                                                                                                                         UiTM Press 
                                                                                                                                         Submit date: 15th February 2019 
                                                                                                                                         Accept date: 24th May 2019 
                               based tourism (CBT) approach                                                                                             th
                                                                                                                                         Publish date: 30  June 2019 
                                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                          
                                
                                                                       1                                                                  
                               Niña Jesusa P. Anore  
                                                                                     1
                               Charmaigne Joy E. Bersamin                                                                                 
                                                                            1
                               Issa Marie M. Catapang  
                                                                       1
                               Gil Ernest M. Gatinga                                                                                      
                                                                            1
                               Ma. Angelica M. Gomez  
                                                                     1
                               Sophia Joy L. Robles   
                                                                                  1,2 
                               Jame Monren T. Mercado*
                               1
                                College of Tourism and Hospitality Management 
                               University of Santo Tomas, City of Manila, PHILIPPINES   
                               2
                                Research Center for Social Sciences and Education 
                               University of Santo Tomas, City of Manila, PHILIPPINES 
                               jtmercado@ust.edu.ph 
                               Proposed citation: 
                               Anore,  N.J.P.,  Bersamin,  C.J.E.,  Catapang,  I.M.M.,  Gatinga,  G.E.M.,  Gomez,  M.A.M.,  Robles,  S.J.L.  & 
                               Mercado, J.M.T. (2019). Developing tourism in the Calicoan Island: A community-based tourism (CBT) 
                               approach.  Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts, 11(1), 65-81. 
                               Abstract 
                               This paper intends to analyse the perception of the stakeholders towards tourism development plan using 
                               community-based tourism approach in the case of Calicoan Island, Municipality of Guiuan, Eastern Samar. 
                               Data were collected by providing surveys for the locals and tourists and conducting an interview with the 
                               municipal  mayor  and  the  tourism  officer  of  Guiuan.  For  this  tourism  development  plan  using  the 
                               community  based-tourism  approach,  the  perception  of  the  tourists  and  locals  were  identified  and 
                               analysed. From the paper, it has been found that Calicoan is still a very raw island. Although the island 
                               has its limits to its tourism products such as accommodation, goods, and other services, Calicoan Island is 
                               a tourist destination with great potential and a lot of opportunities in different factors. Calicoan Island 
                               will be able to achieve success if it is properly organised by the tourism industry. 
                               Keywords:  
                               Calicoan Island; community-based tourism; tourism development plan  
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         1  Introduction 
           The concept of community-based tourism (CBT) is usually projected or viewed as a 
         more sustainable form of tourism compared to mass tourism because it permits the host 
         communities to be free from the management of outside operators. To achieve the 
         objectives of community development and maximise the advantages and benefits of 
         tourism to local people as one of its proponents’ advocacies, there is a need to build and 
         strengthen the community empowerment and its capacity (Rocharungsat, 2008). By 
         developing  CBT,  the  UNWTO  was  able  to  help  and  guide  local  communities  for 
         developing  tourism  under  the  principal  of  sustainability  (UNWTO,  2008).  Guiuan, 
         Eastern Samar is situated at the southernmost tip of Samar where Calicoan Island can 
         be found. The island is branded as the “Surfer’s Paradise” of Visayas. It offers rich 
         landscapes, delightful lagoons, tropical rainforests, a majestic long stretch of white sand 
         beaches, blue crystal-clear water and spectacular sunlight that the tourists are looking 
         for. But, one of the more current problems or issue of the tourism industry in Guiuan is 
         the lack of strategies implemented in strengthening the industry in their place. The ways 
         on how to develop and strengthen the tourism industry, specifically in Calicoan Island 
         using the community-based approach, was the general problem. 
          
                                        
         Figure 1: Municipality of Guiuan, Eastern Samar  
         (Source: Wikipedia.com)  
          
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         Figure 2: Calicoan Island, Guiuan, Eastern Samar  
         (Source: Wikipedia.com ) 
            
           This study generally seeks to integrate a tourism development plan of Calicoan 
         Island using a CBT approach. The researchers assessed the current tourism development 
         factors  in  Calicoan  Island  in  terms  of  attractions,  amenities,  and  facilities,  and  the 
         accessibility of the place. The researchers also gathered information on the perspectives 
         of  the  local  community  or  the  residents  of  the  island,  the  tourists,  and  the  local 
         government unit (LGU) of Guiuan in developing Calicoan Island with the use of the CBT 
         approach. This study will benefit the local government as well as the local community of 
         Guiuan  to  understand  the  challenges  and  opportunities  presented  by  the  tourist 
         attractions of the island. The local community in this province will have other sources of 
         income and more job opportunities as a result of growth in the tourism industry. This 
         study will assess possible improvements and development of Calicoan Island as well as 
         the marketing strategies needed to promote the destination. Also, this would enhance 
         the quality of life of the local community and contribute to an economic level. 
           Calicoan Island, Guiuan, Eastern Samar is the center of this research. The first part 
         of  the  theory  is  related  to  the  international  perspective.  Under  the  international 
         perspective is the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Convention 
         Global Code of Ethics Article Number 5 that emphasizes the involvement of tourism as 
         an  activity  that  would  benefit  both  the  host  country  and  the  community  and  the 
         Association  of  Southeast  Asian  Nations  (ASEAN)  Tourism  Strategic  Plan  2016-2025 
         specifically the ASEAN Community-based Tourism Standard. The second part of the 
         theory is related to the national perspective, which includes the Republic Act (R.A.) No. 
         9593 or the Tourism Act of 2009 and the National Tourism Development Plan (NTDP) 
         2016-2022 execution. The approach that the researchers will use is the CBT approach, 
         where the perspectives of the local community were included. 
            
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         1.1  Theoretical Framework 
                                              
         Figure 3: Research Framework 
         2  Literature Review 
         2.1  Background of the Tourism Industry 
           According  to  United  Nations  World  Tourism  Organization  (UNWTO),  tourism 
         consists of the things and activities that people or tourists are travelling or staying to 
         other places in not more than a year that is not their habitual place for leisure, work, 
         and others. Tourism is the temporary, short term movement of people to destinations 
         outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during the stay 
         in the destination they go. It also includes the movements for all purposes. However, 
         Ugurlulu (2011) said that tourism is not the same as travelling. There are standards that 
         are utilised at the same time with the end goal to portray an output as having a place 
         with tourism. The displacement must be such that; (a) It involves a displacement outside 
         the usual environment: this term is of utmost importance and will be discussed later on; 
         (b)  Type  of  purpose:  the  travel  must  occur  for  any  purpose  different  from  being 
         remunerated from within the place visited: the previous limits, where tourism was 
         restricted to recreation and visiting family and friends are now expanded to include a 
         vast  array  of  purposes;  (c)  Duration:  only  a  maximal  duration  is  mentioned,  not  a 
         minimal. Tourism displacement can be with or without an overnight stay. Though travel 
         and tourism were said to be different from each other, the other two still correlate with 
         each other. Travel and tourism were used before for one main purpose, which is leisure. 
         2.2  Tourism Planning and Development 
           Sharpley (2015) believes that tourism has long been considered an effective vehicle 
         of development. Indeed, it was its potential to contribute to or to catalyse economic 
         growth in destination areas that, reflecting and then prevailing modernist paradigm of 
         development, first, there is a need to have established tourism as a favoured path to 
         development,  particularly  within  the  international  context.  The  need  for  tourism 
         planning is significant for the development of the industry. Tourism planning is also 
         defined as a process that involves the coordination between the planning on land usage, 
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