Introduction
          Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm 
              Connects different sensors to the global Internet for exchanging data.
          Cloud 
              The fundamental computing paradigm to deal with distributed IoT 
               devices.
          When a large number of IoT devices simultaneously transferring the 
            data to Cloud datacenters:
              Network congestion occurs.
              To overcome these limitations of Cloud-centric IoT model, Fog and Edge 
               computing paradigms are emerged.
          Prefer to utilize edge resources for executing real-time IoT 
            applications
      Introduction
          Potential edge resources :
              Smart devices with computing processors such as Raspberry Pi 
               devices, personal computers, mobile phones, network switches, 
               routers and micro-datacenters.
          Fog computing 
              An intermediate layer between IoT enabled systems and Cloud 
               computing.
          Fog nodes
              The computing instances of Fog computing
              Fog nodes are heterogeneous.
    FogBus Framework
        High level view of integrating IoT-Fog and Cloud through FogBus 
        framework
      Hardware Instruments
          IoT devices:
             Sensors that perceive the external environment 
             Actuators that convert any given command to physical actions.
          Fog Gateway Nodes (FGN):
             Entry points of distributed computing infrastructure.
             User interfaces of applications
             Data filtration 
             Organize data in a general format.
             Aggregate the data received from different sources
       Hardware Instruments
             Fog Computational Nodes (FCN):
                 FCNs are heterogeneous in terms of capacity and resource 
                  architecture.
                 They are equipped with processing cores, memory, storage and 
                  bandwidth.
                  Based on these operations, FCNs can act in three different roles:
                     Broker nodes : 
                         Distributes the computational tasks over multiple FCNs and monitors, 
                          synchronizes and coordinates their activities.
                     General Computing Nodes (GCNs):
                         For general computing purposes and accessible via broker nodes.
                         A general computing node can simultaneously serve multiple broker nodes.
                     Repository nodes:
                         Manage distributed database to facilitate data sharing, replication, recovery 
                          and secured storage.
                         Preserve some intermediate data during application execution