Introduction 
                     
                    Dangerous Goods are articles or substances which are capable of posing a significant risk to health, 
                    safety, property or the environment when transported by air. 
                     
                    Development of the Regulations for the safe transportation of Dangerous Goods 
                     
                    Annex 18 to the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation entitled "The Safe Transport of 
                    Dangerous Goods by Air" was developed in response to a need expressed by Contracting States for an 
                    internationally agreed set of provisions governing the safe transport of dangerous goods by air. The broad 
                    provisions of Annex 18 are elaborated in the International Civil Aviation Organizations Technical 
                    Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (DOC 9284). The internationally agreed 
                    instructions in DOC 9284, are also reflected in the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations.  
                     
                    Limitations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods 
                     
                    Some dangerous goods have been identified as being too dangerous to be carried on any aircraft under 
                    any circumstances; others are forbidden under normal circumstances but may be carried with specific 
                    approvals from the States concerned; some are restricted to carriage on all-cargo aircraft; most however, 
                    can be safely carried on passenger aircraft as well, provided certain requirements are met. 
                     
                    Functions and Services 
                     
                             Development of the Regulations for the safe transportation of Dangerous Goods  
                              The CAA dangerous goods specialists provide dangerous goods technical material for 
                              development of regulations and policies and are constantly reviewing international standards and 
                              practices related to transportation of dangerous goods, to ensure that the regulations remain 
                              relevant and up to date 
                     
                             Dangerous Goods Training  
                     
                              Requirement for training 
                               
                              Civil Aviation Regulation 92.00.8 requires the following persons to receive and remain current in 
                              dangerous goods training: 
                               
                                   1.  All shippers, packers, shipper's agents, operators, as well as 
                                   2.  any person who performs the act of accepting, handling, loading, unloading, transferring 
                                        or other processing of cargo, 
                                   3.  any person which performs the act of processing passengers 
                                   4.  any person engaged in the screening of passengers and their baggage 
                                   5.  passenger handling personnel 
                                   6.  flight crew members 
                     
                                   All training must be in accordance with the Civil Aviation Regulation (CAR) 92.00.8 the 
                                   provisions of which are detailed in Civil Aviation Technical Standards (SA-CATS-DG) 
                                   and ICAO Technical Instructions. 
                                    
                                   The training specifically comprises the following items that are also applicable to refresher 
                                   training every 24 months: 
                                   Dangerous Goods initial training is subject to the provisions of CAR 92.00.8 (3) while 
                                   refresher training that must be carried out every 24 months is subject to provision of CAR 
                                   92.00.8 (4). Both classifications of training comprise the following: 
                                    
                                   1.  General familiarisation training; 
                                   2.  Training in the requirements applicable to the function for which that person is 
                                        responsible; and 
                                   3.  Training which must cover the hazards presented by dangerous goods, safe handling 
                                        and emergency response. 
                     
                     
                             Dangerous Goods Training Organisation Accreditation 
                     
                              Only training organizations that are accredited by the Commissioner may provide approved 
                              dangerous goods courses in terms of the regulations. 
                               
                              The accreditation process ensures that course material, instructor qualifications and examinations 
                              comply with all the necessary requirements and that courses meet international standards. 
                               
                              How to apply for accreditation 
                               
                                   1.  The following documentation is required: 
                                   2.  Application form with the relevant payment 
                                   3.  Copy of Participant's Manual 
                                   4.  Examination and Answer Sheets 
                                   5.  Copy of Instructor's Certificates 
                                   6.  Manual of Procedures (Listing Standards, Criteria and Quality Control) 
                                   7.  Copy of training aids to be used and lesson Plans 
                               
                              In addition to the documentation requirements, the training premises have to be inspected for 
                              requirements such as ventilation, emergency exits, emergency equipment, and convenience 
                              facilities. 
                              For more information on accredited training schools contact Thami Zembe, Manager: Dangerous 
                              Goods at 011 545 1198 or e-mail:ZembeT@caa.co.za. 
                     
                     
                             Educational Projects on the safe transportation of Dangerous Goods 
                               
                              CAA specialists also conduct educational projects aimed at enlightening industry stakeholders on 
                              the effects of dangerous goods in aviation. 
                     
                     
                             Inspection of Organizations that handle transportation of Dangerous Goods 
                     
                              An inspection is an on-site activity undertaken by an "authorised officer" for the purpose of 
                              verifying that the regulated party's compliance with applicable regulations. 
                     
                              Types of Inspections 
                                   1.  Certification inspection - A scheduled inspection relating to licencing and certificate 
                                        approval. 
                                   2.  Surveillance inspection - An announced or unannounced inspection which is planned for 
                                        by the CAA to monitor compliance 
                                   3.  Follow up inspection - An inspection that is required as a result of non-compliance 
                                        identified in a previous inspection. 
                     
                     
                             Accident/Incident Investigation of Dangerous Goods 
                     
                              In terms of CAR Part 92.00.22, dangerous goods accidents and incidents must be reported to the 
                              Commissioner within 48 hours. Once this report is received, Dangerous Goods Inspectors are 
                              dispatched to conduct an investigation that is followed by remedial action. 
                     
                     
                             Dangerous Goods Enforcement 
                     
                              Where necessary, Dangerous Goods Inspectors may follow enforcement procedures with a view 
                              to enforcing compliance. 
                     
                     
                             Granting of Exemption and Approval of the safe transport of Dangerous Goods 
                     
                              CAR Part 92.99.03 (1) provides for the exemption by Commissioner, of persons to whom the 
                              transportation of dangerous goods regulations apply. The exemptions relate to cases of: 
                               
                                   1.  extreme urgency 
                                   2.  other forms of conveyance being inappropriate; or 
                                   3.  full compliance with the provisions of this part being contrary to aviation safety 
                     
                                        Only the Commissioner for Civil Aviation may grant an exemption or an approval. 
                                        The shipper must provide the Air Service Operator with a copy of the exemption and 
                                        other relevant documentation e.g. Airwaybill, Shipper Declaration and export permit (if 
                                        required) 
                     
                                        Procedures for exemption approval 
                                        Information required in applying for transportation of dangerous goods exemption in 
                                        terms of CAR Part 92.00.3 is contained in DOC 9284- Supplement.