COURSE GUIDE  
                                                   
               
              Course Code:               LAW 322 
               
              Course Title:              Environmental Law  II               
               
              Course Writer:             Ademola A. Taiwo 
                                         Babcock University 
                                         Ilisan Remo 
                                         Ogun State 
               
              Editor :                   Prof. L. A. Atsegbua 
                                         Faculty of Law 
                                         University of Benin 
                                         Benin 
                                         Edo State 
               
              Ag. Dean                   Ifidon Oyakhiromen, PhD. BL 
                                         School of Law, NOUN 
               
              Course Coordinators:          A. Onuora-Oguno, F. Anene,  
                                                               S. Godwin- Clark, E. Ugbejeh 
                                         School of Law, NOUN 
                                                           1 
                       
         CONTENTS 
          
         MODULE 1: BASIC CONCEPTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 
         Unit 1: Nature and Meaning of Environment 
         Unit 2: Environmental Law Defined 
         Unit 3: Concept of Environmental Law 
         Unit 4: Theories of Environmental Protection and Challenges 
          
         MODULE 2: PUBLIC HEALTH RIGHTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAW:  
                  NIGERIAN CITIZENS’ RIGHTS TO ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 
         Unit1: Rights of Citizens to Clean Environment 
         Unit 2: International Recognition of Environmental Rights 
         Unit 3: Rights of Citizens to Life and Property 
         Unit 4: Right to Good Health, Safety and Welfare 
         Unit 5: Human Rights and Environment Law I  
         Unit 6: Human Rights and Environment Law II 
          
         MODULE 3: CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND LEGAL CONTROL  
                  MECHANISM OF POLLUTION 
         Unit 1: Case Studies in Environmental Pollution Law in some Selected Areas and Their    
                Implications 
         Unit 2: Oil Pollution and Other Chemical  
         Unit 3: Industrial Waste Management and Control I  
         Unit 4: Industrial Waste Management and Control II  
         Unit 5: Industrial Waste Management and Control III 
         Unit 6: Industrial Waste Management and Control IV 
         Unit 7: (i) Water Pollution Control Laws  
              (ii) Water Qualities Management 
         Unit 8: The Economic Approach to Pollution Control 
          
                                      2 
               
              MODULE 4: PUBLIC HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 
              Unit 1: Public Health and Environmental Issues I 
              Unit 2: Public Health and Environmental Issues II 
              Unit 3: Factory legislation 
              Unit 4: Public Health and Hazardous Waste 
              Unit 5: Highlights of the Environmental Protection Laws in Nigeria and             
                     International Treaties, Conventional and Instruments 
               
                                                           3 
                
                                                         MODULE 1 
                                  BASIC CONCEPTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 
               Unit 1: Nature and Meaning of Environment 
               Unit 2: Environmental Law Defined 
               Unit 3: Concept of Environmental Law 
               Unit 4: Theories of Environmental Protection and Challenges 
                
               Unit 1: Meaning of Environment 
               1.0    Introduction 
               2.0    Objectives 
               3.0    The Main Contents 
                      3.1     Nature and Meaning of Environment 
                      3.2     The Concept of Environment 
               4.0    Conclusion 
               5.0    Summary 
               6.0    Tutor Marked Assignment (TMA) 
               7.0    References and Further Readings 
                
               1.0    Introduction 
                      It is not a gainsaying to state here that environmental law is a very young field of 
               study under faculty/college of law and in the Nigerian legal curriculum; unlike older courses 
               such as Business/Company Law, Torts, Equity, Trusts, Estate Administration, Contract, the 
               concepts of which are settled and their studies are firmly rooted in the legal curriculum. It is 
               an  interesting  course  despite  its  acknowledged  multi-disciplinary  nature  and  inter 
               relationship with other discipline is such as Economics, Politics and Science. As a result, the 
               environmentalist described the subject as “creative” because it is subversive in principle. 
                      Though in the academics environment law is very recent in Nigeria, the idea of 
               protecting  our  environment  began  in  pre-colonial  era  when  African’s  protected  their 
               environment through observation of culture, norms and customs. The second phase was the 
               period of the imperialist, when common law and English statutes were introduced to curb or 
               prevent pollution of our environment. 
                      The emergence of the third era was marked by the toxic waste dumped in Koko, a 
               riverine town in Delta State (formerly Bendel State) in 1988, Nigeria for the first time got 
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