LECTURE NOTES 
                                       
                        For Environmental Health Students 
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                        
                         Introduction 
                            to Ecology 
                                        
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                             
                                       
                                       
                       Worku Legesse, B.Sc.,M.Sc., Ph.D. 
                            Teklu Mulugeta, B.Sc. 
                            Aragaw Ambelu, B.Sc. 
                                       
                              Jimma University 
                                       
                                       
             In collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, 
                 the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education 
                                       
                                November 2002 
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
                                        
             Funded under USAID Cooperative Agreement No. 663-A-00-00-0358-00. 
                               
                               
          Produced in collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter 
            Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education. 
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
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         Limited permission is granted free of charge to print or photocopy all pages of this 
         publication for educational, not-for-profit use by health care workers, students or 
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         ©2002  by Worku Legesse, Teklu Mulugeta, and Aragaw Ambelu 
          
         All rights reserved. Except as expressly provided above, no part of this publication may 
         be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, 
         including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, 
         without written permission of the author or authors. 
          
          
          
          
          
          
          This material is intended for educational use only by practicing health care workers or 
                    students and faculty in a health care field. 
                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           PREFACE 
                                                                                                                                                                     There is generally scarcity of teaching/ learning materials 
                                                                                                                                                                     in the higher education institutions of Ethiopia. The 
                                                                                                                                                                     available materials regarding the course on the 
                                                                                                                                                                     Introduction to Public Health are not appropriate to our 
                                                                                                                                                                     environmental and socio-economic set up. 
                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                                                     This lecture note is prepared primarily for health officer 
                                                                                                                                                                     students, and is organized based on the course outline of 
                                                                                                                                                                     introduction to public health in the curriculum of health 
                                                                                                                                                                     officers. Nevertheless, the lecture note is deemed to be 
                                                                                                                                                                     useful for almost all degree and diploma health science 
                                                                                                                                                                     students in the University and elsewhere in the country. 
                                                                                                                                                                     Taking in to account the shortage of teaching /learning 
                                                                                                                                                                     materials for the course- introduction to public health, this 
                                                                                                                                                                     lecture note is recommended to be used as a reference 
                                                                                                                                                                     for students. Concepts, principles and terms are defined 
                                                                                                                                                                     and described to reduce confusion.   
                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                                                     This material is presented in ten chapters. Chapters - 1 
                                                                                                                                                                     and 2 present the definitions and various perspectives of 
                                                                                                                                                                     health and public health and discusses the determinants 
                                                                                                                                                                     of health. Chapters - 3, 4 and 5 deal with culture, 
                                                                                                                                                                     traditional health care practice and family health. Chapter 
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                6 is about personal hygiene. Chapter 7 is about health 
                and development. In this chapter the difference between 
                development and economic growth, the role of health in 
                development and health and development in the 
                Ethiopian context are presented. Chapter 8 is about 
                health service in Ethiopia and the history, the structure 
                and the developments of the health service. Chapter 9 is 
                about Primary Health Care and the definition, historical 
                development, concepts and philosophies of Primary 
                Health Care. Chapters 10 discusses community based 
                health services and team approach in the health service. 
                All chapters begin with learning objectives, by indicating 
                what is expected from students on completion of the 
                chapter. Furthermore, at the end of each chapter there 
                are exercises related to the core issues of the respective 
                chapter.   
                              
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
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