Environmental 
    Studies 4
                   Written by:           Aminath Ismail
                                         Aminath Mohamed
                   	                     Gulfishan	Shafeeu
                   Edited	by:	           Dr.	Sheema	Saeed
                                         Aminath Ismail
                   	                     Gulfishan	Shafeeu
                   Proof	read	by:	       Mohamed	Ashir
                   	                     Fathmath	Shaheema
                   Layout	by	:	          Aminath	Sofeenaz
                   Illustrations by:     Wajeedha Ismail
                   	                     Aminath	Sofeenaz
                   Photographs	by:	      Aminath	Sofeenaz	
                   	                     Ahmed	Athif	 	
                                         Khadeeja Abdulla
                                         Mohamed Ashir
                   	                     Ahmed	Shafeeg
                   	                     Ahmed	Shan
                                        Brian Knutsen
                                        Caroline Von Tuempling
                                        George Fischer
                   Cover	by:		           Aminath	Sofeenaz	
                   First Edition 2008
                   ISBN:99915-0-684-5
                   Reg	No:178-NBC/BK/2007/88
                   © 2008 Educational Development Centre
                   Ministry	of	Education,	Republic	of	Maldives
                   Printed	by	:																					/Male’	2008
                        c
          This	book	is	written	to	meet	the	requirements	of	Environmental	Studies	syllabus	
          in	the	National	Curriculum.
          This	is	the	prescribed	textbook	for	teaching	Environmental	Studies	to	students	
          of	grade	4.
          The	right	to	modify		this	book	lies	exclusively	with	the	Educational	Development	
          Centre	of	the	Ministry	of	Education.
                     
                                 Ministry	of	Education
        Introduction
        Environmental	Studies	4	is	a	completely	revised	edition	of	the	previous	book.	This	book	
        is	written	to	meet	the	requirements	of	the	Environmental	Studies	syllabus	in	the	National	
        Curriculum.
        This	textbook	consists	of	5	units	which	are	divided	into	different	topics.	Each	topic	includes	
        information	and	activities	for	the	students.	Lessons	and	activities	are	organized	so	that	
        teachers	will	be	able	to	continuously	assess	student	performance	while	they	carry	out	
        activities included in the text book.
        Teachers	can	give	alternative	activities	if	the	objective	of	the	lesson	can	be	achieved.	Most	
        lessons	in	this	book	are	activity	based.	The	students	need	to	do	a	lot	of	hands	on	activities.	
        The	text	and	the	activities	need	to	be	explained	clearly	before	the	students	are	asked	to	do	
        the tasks.
         
        Acknowledgement
        The	authors	wish	to	acknowledge	the	contributions	of	many	professionals	who	have	helped	
        in	the	production	of	Environmental	Studies	4.	
        Our	special	thanks	go	to	Dr.	Sheema	Saeed,	Mr.	Ahmed	Riyaz	Jauhary	and	Ms.	Fathmath	
        Nahid	whose	contribution	in	the	production	of	this	book	is	invaluable.
        We	also	wish	to	thank	Mr.	Mohamed	Ashir,	Mr.	Ahmed	Shafeeg,	Ms.	Fathmath	Shaheema,	
        Ms.	Khadeeja	Abdulla,	Ms.	Wajeedha	Ismail,	Ms.	Aminath	Sofeenaz	and	Mr.	Ahmed	Athif.
        The	publisher	and	authors	would	like	to	thank	the	Tourism	Promotion	Board,	Mr.	Ahmed	
        Shan,	Ms.	Zoona	Naseem	and	Mr.	Mohamed	Hassan	Ahmed	for	allowing	their	photographs	
        to be reproduced in this book.