CHAPTER III 
                                                    RESEARCH METHOD 
                                                                 
                              This  chapter  will  discuss  about  the  methods  that  used  by  researcher  on 
                        doing the research. It consists of several sub-chapters, namely research approach, 
                        type  of  research,  data  sources,  data  collection  techniques,  and  data  analyzing 
                        techniques. 
                        A.  Research Approach 
                                  Typically,  when  talking  about  a  research  approach,  there  are  two 
                            approaches,  namely  qualitative  and  quantitative  research  approach.1  This 
                            study itself uses a qualitative research approach, which is an approach used to 
                            process data without using a count of numbers (statistics). This qualitative 
                            writing framework conveys data in narrative, either in the form of people's 
                            words  or  quotations,  texts,  or  other  discourse.2  In  line  with  the  previous 
                            statement,  Bogdan  and  Biklen,  as  quoted  by  Sugiono,  also  argue  that 
                            qualitative research is a descriptive research in which the data are collected in 
                            the form of words or pictures, not a number.3 
                                  This  qualitative  approach  is  done  through  the  exposure  of  experts’ 
                            opinions or understanding of the phenomenon of what is experienced by the 
                                                                                   
                               1
                                 Hamidi, Metode Penelitian Kualitatif, (Malang: UMM Press, 2004), cet. ke- 2, page 70. 
                               2
                                 Hamidi, Metode Penelitian Kualitatif, (Malang: UMM Press, 2004), cet. ke- 2, page 30. 
                               3
                                 Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan: Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D, 
                        (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2016), cet. ke- 24, page 14. 
                            research  subject.4  The  qualitative  research  is  also  called  as  naturalistic 
                            research methods, because the research is done on natural conditions.5 
                                 The  reason  in  utilising  qualitative  approach  is  because  the  data 
                            generated  from  this  research  in  the  form  of  descriptive-analytical  data. 
                            Obviously the data is obtained from the source documents relating to the 
                            object of study in this research. 
                             
                       B.  Research Type 
                                 Type of research used in this study is library research typpe, in which 
                            the  reseacher  collects  the  data  in  the  form  of  books,  manuscripts,  or 
                            magazines relevant  to  the  object  of  research  or  collecting  data  in  literary 
                            form.6 
                                 Library research type or commonly referred to as literature research or 
                            literature study can also be interpreted as an activity to collect literature data 
                            through reading, recording, and processing of research materials.7 In other 
                            words, literature  research  is  a  study  conducted  to  solve  a  problem  that  is 
                            basically  based  on  critical  and  in-depth  review  of  the  relevant  literature 
                            materials. 
                                  
                                  
                                                                                  
                               4
                                Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan: Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D 
                       (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2016), cet. ke- 24, page 14. 
                               5
                                Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan: Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D 
                       (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2016), cet. ke- 24, page 14. 
                               6
                                M. Nazir, Metode Penelitian, (Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia, 2003), cet. ke- 5, page 54 
                               7
                                 Mestika,  Zed,  Metode  Penelitian  Kepustakaan,  (Jakarta:  Yayasan  Obor  Indonesia, 
                       2004), page 3. 
                       C.  Data Sources 
                                 This study uses two data sources namely, primary and secondary data 
                            source. The primary data source is the main data source which is directly 
                            related to the research object that will be explored by the researcher.8 There 
                            are two primary data sources that will be used by the researcher in this study, 
                            namely  the  Qur'an  and  its  translation,  and  the  al-Azhar  commentary  by 
                            HAMKA. 
                                 In addition, the secondary data source is a data source that supports 
                            primary  data  sources  and  certainly  must  be  relevant  to  the  discussion  of 
                            research.9  Secondary  data  sources  that  will  be  used  in  this  study  include 
                            books that discuss about morals, commentary books, books about the science 
                            of the Qur'an, and so forth. 
                                  
                       D.  Data Collection Technique 
                                 In collecting the data, the researcher uses documentation techniques. It 
                            means that data is collected from related documents, whether in the form of 
                            books, journals, magazines, articles, or other scientific works related to the 
                            title  raised  by  researchers.10  The  related  documents  are  taken  from  data 
                            sources that have been discussed in the previous section. 
                                  
                                  
                                                                                  
                               8
                                Tali Zidahu Ndraha, Research Teori, Metodologi, Administrasi (Jakarta: Bina Aksara, 
                       1981), page 78 
                               9
                                Tali Zidahu Ndraha, Research Teori, Metodologi, Administrasi (Jakarta: Bina Aksara, 
                       1981), page 78 
                               10
                                  Suharsini Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik (Jakarta: Rineka 
                       Cipta, 1991), page 131. 
                        E.  Data Analysis  Technique 
                                  Data analysis is the most important step in a study. It is because the step 
                            can give an explanation which can really be used to answer the problems that 
                            have been formulated. Data analysis is the process of searching and arranging 
                            systematically data obtained from interviews, field notes, and documentation. 
                            The way is to organize the obtained data into categories, breaking into units, 
                            synthesizing, composing into patterns, removing unrelated data, and making 
                            conclusions.11 The purposes of data analysis in qualitative research, one of 
                            which is to analyse the meaning behind the information, data, and the process 
                                                    12
                            of a social phenomenon.  
                                  Data  analysis  technique  used  in  this  research  is  content  analysis, 
                            because  the  data  sources  used  in  this  research  come  from  documents  or 
                            written data (text). Researchers need to use the analytic work, in which it 
                            starts in analysing the data by using certain symbols, classifying the data with 
                            certain  criteria,  as  well  as  providing  predictions  with  certain  analysis 
                            techniques.13 
                                  In order to make the data analysis easier to be understood, the steps will 
                            be explained as follow: 
                                                                                   
                               11
                                  Sugiyono,  Metode  Penelitian  Pendidikan:  Pendekatan  Kuantitatif,  Kualitatif,  dan 
                        R&D, (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2016), cet. ke-24, page 335. 
                               12
                                  Burhan  Bungin,  Penelitian  Kualitatif  Komunikasi,  Ekonomi,  Kebijakan  Publik,  dan 
                        Ilmu Sosial Lainnya, (Jakarta: Kencana, 2010), page 153. 
                               13
                                 Uhar Suharsaputra, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan Tindakan, (Bandung: 
                        Refika Aditama, 2012), page 224.