Indicators for Environmental 
                          Monitoring in International 
                          Development Cooperation 
                                                                              
                                                                              
                                                                   June 2002 
                                                                              
                                                                              
                                                                              
                                                                              
                                                                              
                                                                              
                                                                              
                                                                              
                                                                              
                                                                              
                                                                              
                                                      SWEDISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 
                                                                COOPERATION AGENCY  
                                                                              
                                                      Department for Natural Resources  
                                                               and the Environment 
     
     
           Indicators for Environmental Monitoring in  
            International Development Cooperation 
                           
                  Including examples for sectors  
                 covered by the Sida EIA guidelines 
                           
                           
                           
            This report is produced in cooperation between Sida’s En-
            vironmental Policy Division and the Swedish EIA Centre at 
            the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Uppsala. 
            The text has been produced by Lisa Segnestam, at Stock-
            holm Environment Institute (SEI), with contributions by Ann 
            Jennervik, Gun Lövblad and Markus Åhman at the Swedish 
            Environmental Research Institute Ltd.  
            The development of indicators is a work in progress and 
            therefore this publication will be a living document 
                           
                           
                           
                           
                           
         
         Table of Contents 
         Introduction....................................................................................................1 
          Sida, the counterpart and local stakeholders.......................................................... 1 
         Selecting indicators for project monitoring......................................................3 
          Considering cause and effect links.......................................................................... 3 
          Necessary indicator features................................................................................... 4 
           Direct link to potential environmental impacts..................................................................4 
           Relevance to the whole project cycle................................................................................. 5 
           Clear definitions........................................................................................................... 7 
           Realistic collection or development costs........................................................................... 8 
           Focus on indicator developer and user .............................................................................8 
         Data collection...............................................................................................9 
         Interpreting the results.................................................................................10 
         Indicators according to sectors.....................................................................12 
          Agriculture (including livestock farming) and forestry.......................................... 12 
          Water-related activities......................................................................................... 14 
          Dams..................................................................................................................... 16 
          Activities related to coastal zones ......................................................................... 18 
          Transport and communication............................................................................. 21 
          Waste management.............................................................................................. 23 
          Mining activities.................................................................................................... 24 
          Energy................................................................................................................... 26 
          Industry................................................................................................................. 27 
          Tourism................................................................................................................ 29 
          Health and medical care....................................................................................... 30 
          Humanitarian assistance....................................................................................... 32 
          Education sector................................................................................................... 33 
          Institutional development and capacity building.................................................. 35 
          Research............................................................................................................... 35 
          Private sector development................................................................................... 36 
          
         Annex 1. Projects reviewed in the selection of indicators...............................38 
         Annex 2. Additional environmental indicator information................................39 
         References ..................................................................................................40