“Knowing is not enough; we must apply.
        Willing is not enough we must do.”
                - Goethe
     Brief History:
     A Precursor of Competency
     Modeling
     1950’s: John Flanagan
     1954 established Critical Incidents Technique 
      as a precursor to the key methodology used in 
      rigorous competency studies
     significant behavioral events that distinguish 
      between average and superior performers.
     It is Flanagan’s critical incidents technique that 
      sixteen years later inspires David McClelland to 
      discover and develop the term of “competency”
     Brief History:
     The Concept of Competency
     1970’s: “Testing for Competence Rather than 
      Intelligence” (McClelland, 1973)
     Competency: “an underlying characteristic of a 
      person which enables them to deliver superior 
      performance in a given job, role, or situation.”
      Not biased
     Can be learned and developed over time
     Implication: If competencies are made visible and 
      training is accessible, individuals can understand 
      and develop the required level of performance
     Brief History:
     Competency Modeling
     Matures
     1980’s: 
     “Certain characteristics or abilities of the 
      person enable him or her to demonstrate the 
      appropriate specific actions.” 
      (Boyatzis,Richard E. The Competent Manager: A 
      Model for Effective Performance. New York: Wiley, 
      1982, p. 12).
      the first empirically-based and fully-researched 
      book on competency model developments
     specific behavior and clearly defined performance 
      outcomes
     like Flanagan, stressed importance of systematic 
      analysis in
     collecting and analyzing examples of the actual 
      performance of individuals doing the work
     behavioral event interview (BEI)
             TODAY!
        34 years after the first
      competency model, more than
        half of the Fortune 500
         companies are using 
            competency
            modeling.