Background
  2000  -  2003  US  FDA,  Antibiotic  resistance  monitoring,  risk  assessment  and 
  scientific support for veterinary antibiotic registration 
  2004 – Elanco Animal Health global microbiologist/antibiotics technical consultant
  2008  –  2014  Chair  of  the  CEESA  VetPath,  Pan-Eu  antimicrobial  resistance 
  monitoring program 
  2012 – Co-Chair of CLSI VAST sub-committee (Chair 2016 - 2020)
  Editor for JAC (9 years), AAC (10 years) and IJAA (9 years +)
  Over 80 peer reviewed papers and conference presentations, 2 books and 9 book 
  chapters
           Global Surveillance Programs
                Veterinary examples
                   FARM  DANMAP
                   VAV   SVARM
                   MARAN   GermVet
                   NVAL  NARMS 
                   CIPARS  JVARM
                   Mexican Brazil
      Global Surveillance Programs
  All  the  national  programs  focus  predominantly  on  foodborne  and 
  commensal bacteria
  The data generated from these surveillance programs are used for 
  registration purposes, as an indicator for the emergence of resistance 
  and for National Risk Assessment and subsequent Risk Management 
  guidelines
  It is therefore important to ensure that the data being generated is of 
  uniform quality and interpreted using a single interpretive criteria
                        Need for Harmonisation
    Franklin  et  al  (2001)  published  a  guideline  on  the  harmonisation  of 
    surveillance programmes in animals on behalf of the Office International des 
    Epizooties (OIE)
    a) animal species/categories (including age) to be sampled
    b)  for  food  sampling,  the  relative  merits  of  sampling  at  the  abattoir  and  retail  outlet  should  be 
    considered. In addition to food of domestic origin, food of foreign origin may also be considered, 
    possibly at the port of entry of the products
    c) sampling strategy to be employed, for example: active or passive collection of samples; random, 
    stratified or systematically collected samples; statistically based sampling or opportunistic sampling
    d) samples to be collected (faeces, carcass, raw and/or processed food)
    e) bacterial species to be isolated
    f) antimicrobials to be used in susceptibility testing
    g) standardised susceptibility testing 
    h) quality control – quality assurance 
    i)  type of quantitative data to be reported 
    j)  database design for appropriate data extraction
    k) analysis and interpretation of data
    l) reporting (consideration of transparency of reporting and interests of stakeholders)
   Franklin A,  Acar J, Anthony F, Gupta R, Nicholls T, Tamura Y, Thompson S, Threlfall EJ, Vose D, van Vuuren M, White DG, Wegener HC & 
   Costarrica ML (2001). Antimicrobial resistance: harmonisation of national antimicrobial resistance monitoring and surveillance programmes in 
   animals and in animal-derived food. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) 20, 859-870
             Need for Harmonisation
   Veterinary Microbiology 141 (2010) 1–4
                     Editorial
   Assessing the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria obtained
   from animals
   Stefan Schwarz, Peter Silley, Shabbir Simjee, Neil Woodford, Engeline van Duijkeren, 
   Alan P. Johnson and Wim Gaastra
   International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 37 (2011) 504–512
                      Review
   Harmonisation of resistance monitoring programmes in 
   veterinary medicine: an urgent need in the EU?
   Peter Silley, Anno de Jong, Shabbir Simjee, Valérie Thomas