I.     INTRODUCTION
                                   What is linguistics research methodology?
                                   Linguistics: the scientific study of language
                   Language: arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 
                 Research: 1. careful study that is done to find and report new knowledge 
                              about something (https://www.merriam-webster.com); 2.  
                           systematic investigative process employed to increase or revise 
                                      current knowledge by discovering new facts (
                        www.businessdictionary.com); 3. diligent and systematic inquiry or 
                           investigation into a subject in order to discover or revise facts, 
                                  theories, applications, etc. (www.dictionary.com).   
                   Methodology: 1. a set of methods, rules, or ideas that are important in 
                         science or art (https://www.merriam-webster.com); 2. A system of 
                                methods used in a particular area of study or activity (
                          https://en.oxforddictionaries.com). 3. the systematic, theoretical 
                                  analysis of the methods applied to a field of study (
                                                https://en.m.wikipedia.org).  
               Linguistics research methodology means, for example, a set of methods, 
               rules, or ideas that are important in science or art of careful study that is 
               done to find and report new knowledge about something on the scientific 
                                            study of language
                                                    OR
                    You can have your own descriptive definition of it as long as
                                     it is scientifically accountable.
                              Chronological steps in linguistics research:
                                  1.    Looking for research problems 
                                     2.   Finding research problems
                                    3.    Limiting research problems
                                   4.   Formulating research problems
                                     5.   Solving research problems
                                   6.    Answering research problems
                                   7.   Concluding research problems
              1.    Looking for research problems: a researcher must know the general 
                        knowledge of  linguistics issues, but there is still something 
                                                   unclear. 
                  2.   Finding research problems: once a researcher found unclear  
                          linguistics issues, he/she has found research problems.  
                 3.   Limiting research problems: research problems  found must be 
                    limited the coverage to make the analysis deeper and more detail. 
                  4.   Formulating research problems: in general, it can be broadly 
                    classified into 2: (1) general problem formulation, and (2) specific 
                        problem formulations. Conventionally formulating research 
                     problems is in question sentences: what question (whatness), why 
                             question (whyness) and how question (howness). 
                   5.   Solving research problems: (1) providing research data; (2) 
                    analyzing research data; (3) presenting the analyzed research data. 
                6.   Answering research problems: there must be an answer for every 
                                        research problem formulated
                 7.   Concluding research problems: in basic, it refers to the general 
                                answer of the research problem formulated. 
                                        Preparing research topics:
                              A. Rational basis of preparing research topics:
                                 1.   Interestedness to a topic to research
                                    2.   Mastery on a topic to research
                     3.   Availability of research data / the ease to get research data 
                                         4.    Mixture of the three
                  B. Things to do to make preparation of research topic easier to find:
                       5.   Reading research reports/journals available in libraries
                                 6.   Reviewing research reports/journals
                           Things to do to review research reports/journals:
                     Focus on reading the research title, research questions, research 
                               methods, research approach, and research results.
                          How to write reviews of research reports/journals:
                      7.    Classify based on topic of the research reports/journals,
                                       8.   Arrange chronologically,
                  9.   Write briefly the topic and the results of the research with which 
                             the position of your research is clearly understood.    
                Preparing research title:
       A good research title is derived from developing research gaps as  the 
         results of reading and reviewing research reports/journals and the 
                     like.
       Such a research title can serve as both topic and theme of the research.
       Research title, ideally, can represent a whole picture of the research. 
              Preparing research rationales: 
      Research rationales: logical reasons from which a research is worth doing.
      Research rationales, usually, consist of: 1. background of study, 2. research 
         problem formulations, 3. limitation/scope of a research, 4. aims of 
               study, and 5. significance of a study. 
            How will you write background of study?
      Basically, it comprises of: 1. why it is necessary to research the topic, and 
               2. how to write the research topic.  
           Why is it necessary to write the research topic?
       In this part, you  must explain logical reasons from which your research 
            can be clearly and distinctly different from others.