Biotechnology in 
      Agriculture
       There are many important applications 
        of biotechnology that have made a trem
        endous impact on agricultural productivit
        y.
          Conventional plant breeding
          Tissue culture & micropropagation
          Molecular breeding or marker assisted 
          selection
          Genetic engineering & GM crops
          The ‘Omics’ - Genomics, Proteomics, 
          Metabolomics
          Plant disease diagnostics
          Microbial fermentation.
     Biotechnology in 
     Agriculture
  GE of animals
  GE of animals                       GE of plants
                                      GE of plants
                                     GE to improve 
  GE to develop                      GE to improve 
  GE to develop                     microorganisms
  animal vaccines                   microorganisms
  animal vaccines
                                     Recombinant 
                                     Recombinant 
  GE of biocontrol                  DNA for disease 
  GE of biocontrol                  DNA for disease 
  agents against                      diagnostics
  agents against                      diagnostics
  plant pest & 
  plant pest & 
  diseases
  diseases
                                    Monoclonal anti 
                                    Monoclonal anti 
  Plant protoplast                 body production
  Plant protoplast                 body production
  fusion
  fusion
                                      Plant tissue 
                                      Plant tissue 
                                         culture
  Embryo transfer                        culture
  Embryo transfer
                             Fermentation, Biofertilizers
                             Fermentation, Biofertilizers
    What is GMO?
     An organism whose genetic material 
      has been altered using genetic enginee
      ring techniques (= recombinant DNA te
      chnology). 
     DNA molecules from different sources 
      are combined into one molecule to crea
      te a new set of genes. 
     This DNA is then transferred into an 
      organism, giving it modified or novel ge
      nes.
  How to make GMOs
    History of Usages of 
    GMOs
     GMOs have widespread applications. 
     They are used in biological & medical 
      research, production of pharmaceutical 
      drugs, experimental medicine (e.g. gen
      e therapy), and agriculture (e.g. golden 
      rice). 
     In 1978, Genentech, the first company 
      to use recombinant DNA technology, an
      nounced the creation of an E. coli strain 
      producing the human protein insulin.