8 -2 
                        Objectives
                        Objectives
                        Objectives
                         Objectives
    1. Discuss budgeting and its role in planning, 
                     After studying this  
                     After studying this  
                     After studying this  
                     After studying this  
        control, and decision making.
                     chapter, you should 
                     chapter, you should 
                     chapter, you should 
                     chapter, you should 
    2. Define and prepare a master budget, identify 
                         be able to:
                          be able to:
                          be able to:
                          be able to:
        its major components, and explain the 
        interrelationships of its various components.
                         Continued
                         Continued
                          Continued
                          Continued
                                                       8 -3 
                       Objectives
                       Objectives
                       Objectives
                       Objectives
    3. Describe flexible budgeting, and list the 
       features that a budgetary system should have 
       to encourage managers to engage in goal-
       congruent behavior.
    4. Explain how activity-based budgeting works.
             Planning                                             8 -4 
           Strategic Plan
           Strategic Plan
            Long-Term 
            Long-Term 
            Objectives
            Objectives                Budgeting 
            Short-Term 
            Short-Term                      and 
            Objectives
            Objectives
            Short-Term                 Planning 
            Short-Term 
               Plan
               Plan                 and Control
             Budgets
              Budgets
             Feedback
             Feedback
             Planning                       Control               8 -5 
           Strategic Plan
           Strategic Plan
                                         Monitoring of 
                                          Monitoring of 
                                         Actual Activity
            Long-Term                    Actual Activity
            Long-Term 
            Objectives
            Objectives
            Short-Term 
            Short-Term 
            Objectives
            Objectives
            Short-Term 
            Short-Term 
                                         Comparison of 
               Plan                      Comparison of 
               Plan
                                           Actual with 
                                           Actual with 
                                            Planned
             Budgets                        Planned
              Budgets
             Feedback                     Investigation
             Feedback                     Investigation
                                        Corrective Action
                                        Corrective Action
                                                       8 -6 
              Advantages of Budgeting
              Advantages of Budgeting
              Advantages of Budgeting
              Advantages of Budgeting
       1. It forces managers to plan.
       2. It provides information that can be used 
          to improve decision making.
       3. It provides a standard for performance 
          evaluation.
       4. It improves communication and 
          coordination.