How to Read This Chapter
             •    In this chapter we will explore teaching                                         Culture of 
                  strategies that facilitate student thinking.                                      Learning: 
                  Some teachers refer to these as “active                                          Language 
                  learning strategies” because of their influence                                       & 
                  on high levels of student engagement. The                                        Vygotsky
                  first set of strategies will be explored in terms 
                  of their impact on students’ ability to think 
                  critically and creatively. We’ll develop some 
                  teaching strategies in the context “micro-
                  teaching” experiences that will enable you to 
                  focus on specific abilities such as using                       Talking                              Reading 
                  advanced organizers, questioning, and                           Science                              Science
                  promoting student engagement. We’ll explore 
                  powerful ideas to help student talk, read and 
                  write as they learn science. We will also 
                  explore strategies that foster independent and 
                  collaborative thinking among secondary                          Writing 
                  students.                                                       Science
                                                                           
                     Invitations to Inquiry
        •  What teaching strategies can be used to foster critical and 
           creative thinking among students?
        •  How can interactive teaching strategies foster thoughtful 
           dialogue with and between my students?
        •  What feedback might a colleague in a “peer-coach” role 
           offer to enhance my teaching abilities?
        •  How does research on reading, writing, and discourse in 
           science education contribute to the development of a 
           constructivist classroom?
        •  How can projects be used to enhance thinking in science?
                                            
                                                                      Chapter 11 Map
                                                                                                           Strategies 
                                                                                                           Fostering 
                                                                                                        Thinking in the 
                                                                                                            Science 
                                                                                                          Classroom
                      Critical &                                                  Culture of                                            Independent                                               Gazette
                       Creative                                                    Learning:                                                  & 
                      Thinking                                                     Language                                             Collaborative 
                                                                                       &                                                  Thinking
                                                                                   Vygotsky
     Interactive                        Inquiry 9.1:               Talking                          Reading              Problem                           Project-              Science                         Research 
     Teaching                          Microteaching               Science                          Science               Solving                           Based               Teachers                          Matters: 
     Strategies                                                                                                                                           Teaching                 Talk                            Using 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                Questions
                                                                   Writing                                                Science 
                                                                   Science                                                 Fairs
                                                                                                                                                                                Research 
                                                                                                                                                                                Matters: 
                                                                                                                                                                                 Project 
                                                                                                                                                                                Learning 
                Critical & Creative Thinking
        •   What is the difference between “critical” and “creative” 
            thinking?
        •   What are some examples of each?
                                                 Holistic 
                                                Thinking
                            Critical                                   Creative 
                           Thinking                                    Thinking
             Designing                   Testing           Intuiting                Seeking 
             Experiments               Hypotheses                                  Alternatives
               Predicting               Inferring        Generating                Dreaming
                                                         Alternatives
              Classifying              Measuring         Visualizing              Imagining
               Observing                             
               Interactive Teaching Strategies
          •   Critical and creative thinking 
              require that students be actively 
              involved.  The following 
              “interactive” teaching skills will 
              foster this:
                – Advance Organizers
                – Creating Stimulating Environment
                – Art of Questioning
                – Using Examples
                – Positive Learning Environment
                – Closure & Making Transitions
          •   Select one of the above, and write a 
              lesson plan that incorporates the 
              skill into a lesson in biology or 
              physics.