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          What is Forensic Science?
    • The application of the laws of nature to the 
      laws of man.
      –Using science to enforce the law
      Which Science?
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                          A little history….
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         8  Century B.C. - Chinese used fingerprints to establish 
         identity of authors and artists
      •  1248 A.D. - First recorded application of medical knowledge 
         to the solution of crime. 
          – The book, Hsi Duan Yu (the washing away of wrongs), 
             contains a description of how to distinguish drowning from 
             strangulation. 
      •  1447 – First use of odontology (dental records)
          – The missing teeth of the French Duke of Burgundy are 
             used to identify remains.
      •  1835- First use of bullet comparisons – Henry Goddard
          – His comparison was based on a visible flaw in the bullet 
             which was traced back to a mold
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                      A little history….
     • 1836 – First use of toxicology in a jury trial – James Marsh
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          Arsenic detection – poison du jour of the 19  century
     • 1839 – First attempt to determine time since death using 
       body temperature
        –John Davy recounts experiments with dead soldiers using a 
          mercury thermometer. 
     • 1863 - First presumptive test for blood
        –Christian Schonbein uses hydrogen peroxide, which reacts with 
          hemoglobin in blood
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                 A little history…
    • 1889 – First attempt at ballistics 
      –Alexandre Lacassagne attempts to individualize 
        bullets to a gun barrel, based on the number of 
        lands and grooves
    • 1896 - Sir Edward Richard Henry develops the 
      print classification system that would later be 
      used in Europe and North America.
    • 1901 – Karl Landsteiner discovers human 
      blood groups (A, B, AB, O).