• Paulin Hogeweg(1979) –
    • Bio-biology,Informatique-Data processing
    • Study of information content and flow in a biological system with the help of IT.
    • Multidisciplinary branch
    • Historical background:
    • 1961-identified mRNA- Jacob,Meselson,Francois Jacob
    • 1977-DNA Sequencing-Sanger,Gilbert
    • 1983-Release of GEN Bank
    • 1983-Sequence database sequence algorithm
    • 1985 Similarity searching—FASTP&FASTN
    • 1988 NCBI By NIH/NLM
    • 1990-BLAST-Pairwise sequence similarity search
    • 1991-Expressed sequence tag sequencing
    • 1994 EMBL
    • 1995 First bacterial genome analysed
    • 1996 Yeast genome analysed
    • 2000-Pseudomonas genome ,A.thaliana genome 
    • 2001-Human Genome
    • 2005-Rice Genome sequenced.
   BIOLOGICAL DATABASES
   • Database is a System to store,search and retrieve any type of data
   • Biological database-Information of DNA,RNA,Proteins,3D 
    images,Organism specific informations.
   • PRIMARY,SECONDARY &DERIVATIVE DATABASES
   • PRIMARY DATABASES:Information of Nucleic acid,Protein,and their 
    structure.
     Original submission by experimentalists and controlled by original 
   submitter.
   Eg:Gen Bank,SWISS PROT,PDB
   SECONDARY DATABASES: With additional information from analysis of 
   primary databases.TrEMBL,PROSITE
   DERIVATIVE DATABASES/COMPOSITE DATABASES:From primary 
   databases.controlled by third party.Eg.NCBI,RefSeq,UniGene.