The History of Management Theory
                      The History of Management Theory
                                                                                                                           Decision Making Theory
                                                                                                    Organizational Environment Theory
                                                                    Human Relations / Organizational Behavior
                            Administrative Management Theory (Bureaucracy)
                       Scientific Management Theory 
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             1890       1900       1910       1920       1930       1940       1950       1960       1970       1980       1990       2000
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                         2011
                              rr
                              ee
                              tt
                              pp
                          1 aa
                          12  hh
                          12  CC
  Classical Management Theory
  Classical Management Theory
         Scientific Management
       Administrative Management
      Urwick’s Synthesis of the Two
             Job Specialization and 
              Job Specialization and 
               the Division of Labor
               the Division of Labor
    Adam Smith (18th century economist)
       • Realized that job specialization resulted in 
         much higher efficiency and productivity than 
         if worker did all steps.
       • Promoted Division of Labor
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             F.W. Taylor and Scientific 
             F.W. Taylor and Scientific 
                 Management
                 Management
   Scientific Management (late 1890-1940s)
     • The systematic study of the 
      relationships between people and 
      tasks for the purpose of redesigning 
      the work process for higher efficiency.
     • Sought to reduce the time a worker 
      spent on each task by optimizing the 
      way the task was done
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        Four Principles of Scientific 
         Four Principles of Scientific 
                 Management
                 Management
    1) Study the ways jobs are performed 
      now and determine new, improved 
      ways to do them.
       Mgt. bears some responsibility for 
        completing work.
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