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Biodiesel production
and marketing in Germany
the situation and perspective
Biodiesel production and
marketing in Germany
The situation and perspective
by Dieter Bockey, UFOP
2
Situation Situation
1.1 Introduction
Out of all the renewable raw materi- While the UFOP essentially financed Studies published in the meantime
al products, Biodiesel is by far the and carried out public relations and and the creation of a European stan- European standard for biodiesel: DIN EN 14214
most important for German agricul- sales promotion measures etc., the dard for Biodiesel (DIN EN 14214) is
ture. Now after 12 years of intensive vehicle industry and Biodiesel manu- impressive proof of this. Property Unit Limits Testing method
product assessment by UFOP and its facturers developed the technical Min. Max.
member federations, Biodiesel made and normative prerequisites for last- Ester content % (m/m) 96,5 pr EN 14103
from rapeseed oil is beginning to ing market entry for rapeseed oil 3
Density at 15 °C kg/m 860 900 EN ISO 3675
establish itself as a technically methyl esters. This could not have EN ISO 12185
2
developed alternative in the fuel been done without financial support Viscosity at 40 °C mm/s 3,5 5,0 EN ISO 3104
market. For the practical use of alter- from the federal state governments, Flash point °C 120 - ISO/CD 3679
native fuels practically only pure the Federal Government and the Sulfur content mg/kg - 10
Biodiesel fulfills the set require- European Union. Carbon residue
(on 10% distillation residue) % (m/m) - 0,3 EN ISO 10370
ments. Cetane number 51,0 EN ISO 5165
Sulfated ash content % (m/m) - 0,02 ISO 3987
Water content mg/kg - 500 EN ISO 12937
Total contamination mg/kg - 24 EN 12662
Alternative fuels and drives – valuation criteria Copper strip corrosion
(3h at 50 °C) rating 1 EN ISO 2160
1) Oxidation stability, 110 °C hours 6,0 - pr EN 14112
Vehicle selling/ security tank radius of lubrication availability costs
technique handling time action Acid value mg KOH/g 0,5 pr EN 14104
hydrogen ♦♦♦ ♦♦♦ ♦♦ ♦♦ ♦♦ ♦ ♦♦♦ ♦♦♦ Iodine value 120 pr EN14111
Linolenic acid
liquefied natural gas ♦♦♦ ♦♦♦ ♦♦ ♦♦ ♦ ✓ ♦♦ ♦♦ methyl ester % (m/m) 12 pr EN 14103
compressed ♦♦ ♦♦ ✓ ✓ ♦♦ ✓ ♦ ♦ Polyunsaturated (>=4 double
natuaral gas bonds) methyl esters % (m/m) 1
liquid gas ♦♦ ♦ ♦ ✓ ♦ ✓ ♦ ♦ Methanol content % (m/m) 0,2 pr EN 14110
methanol ♦ ♦ ♦ ✓ ♦ ♦ ♦♦ ♦ Monoglyceride content % (m/m) 0,8 pr EN 14105
ethanol ♦ ♦ ✓ ✓ ♦ ✓ ♦♦ ♦♦ Diglyceride content % (m/m) 0,2 pr EN 14105
vegetable oil ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ♦♦ ♦♦ Triglyceride content % (m/m) 0,2 pr EN 14105
✓ ♦ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ♦♦ ♦♦
(e. g. biodiesel) ♦ ✓ Free glycerol % (m/m) 0,02 pr EN 14105
electric vehicles ♦♦♦ ♦ ✓ ♦♦♦ ♦♦♦ ✓ ♦ ♦♦♦ pr EN 14106
gas cell vehicles 3) Total glycerol % (m/m) 0,25 pr EN 14105
- hydrogen operation ♦♦♦ ♦♦♦ ♦♦ ♦♦ ♦♦ ✓ ♦♦♦ ♦♦♦ Alkaline metals (NA+K) mg/kg 5 pr EN 14108
2) pr EN 14109
- fuel operation ♦♦♦ ✓ ♦ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ♦♦♦
♦ some restrictions 1) vehicles and fuel Phosphorus content mg/kg 10 pr EN 14107
♦♦ restrictions 2)
gasoline as source of hydrogen Source:
substantial restrictions ✓ 3) Shell PKW-Szenarien; 1999
♦♦♦ no restrictions in development
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Situation Situation
1.2 Development of Biodiesel production capacity
Until 1998 the structure of Biodiesel Biodiesel-Capacity 2002
production capacity advanced slug- Biodiesel - Productioncapacity
gishly, due to uncertainties on the Firm Location Capacity Production t/a in Germany 1998-2002
market and the calculation risks con- (t/a) since
In Production: 1000000
nected to this.
Oelmühle Hamburg AG Hamburg 120 000 09/2001
Oelmühle Leer Connemann GmbH & Co. Leer / Niedersachsen 100 000 09/1996 800000
But after the plant at Leer with Och- Mitteldeutsche Umesterungswerke Bitterfeld Bitterfeld / Sachsen-Anhalt 100 000 09/2001
senfurt and Wittenberge another two Natur Energie West Marl / Nordrhein-Westfahlen 100 000 04/2002 600000
Campa Biodiesel GmbH Ochsenfurt / Bayern 75 000 01/2000
industrial plants went into operation. Biodiesel Wittenberge GmbH Wittenberge / Brandenburg 60 000 08/1999 400000
High prices in 1999/2000 for fossil Thüringer-Methylesterwerke GmbH & Co. KG Harth-Pöllnitz / Thüringen 45 000 01/2002
Diesel fuel improved the economy of Petrotec GmbH Südlohn / NRW 35 000 05/2002 200000
Biodiesel production substantially, so SARIA Bio-Industries GmbH & Co.Verw. KG Malchin / Meckl.Vorpommern 12 000 10/2001 0
Hallertauer Hopfen-Verwertungsgesellschaft Mainburg / Bayern 8 000 04/1995
that the production capacity in the 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Landwirtschaftl. Produkt- Verarbeitungs GmbH Henningsleben / Thüringen 5 000 04/1998
year 2003, compared with the year PPM Umwelttechnik GmbH & Co.KG Oranienburg / Brandenburg 5 000 11/2001
1997, almost increased tenfold, from BKK Biodiesel GmbH Rudolstadt/Thüringen 4 000 12/2001
Verwertungsgenossenschaft Biokraftstoffe Großfriesen / Sachsen 2 000 04/1996
100.000 t to approx. 1 million tons. Total 671 000
1.3 Sales Development
As a function of the regional condi- Up coming factories:
Nevest AG Schwarzheide / Brandenburg 100 000
tions for production and marketing as Rheinische Bioester GmbH Neuss / Nordrhein-Westfahlen 100 000
well as the given investment possibil- Bio-Oelwerke Magdeburg Magdeburg / Sachsen-Anhalt 50 000
ities, the transesterification capacity BioDiesel Bokel GmbH Bokel / Niedersachsen 10 000 Contrary to France and Italy, Biodiesel •Biodiesel is produced from native
Kartoffelverwertungsgesellschaft
for each system varies substantially. Cordes &Stoltenburg GmbH & Co. Schleswig/Schleswig-Holstein 10 000 in Germany and Austria is sold almost oilseed rape and is an economic
Independent of how big the system is Total 270 000 alternative to the grain markets
exclusively via petrol stations, con-
the quality requirements are in accor- Source: D. Bockey, UFOP, Juni 2002 tractors, the taxi trade and so on. Ten
dance with the E DIN 51606 or DIN EN used. Experience has shown that also only if the demand for the now years ago Biodiesel was in the truest •Pure Biodiesel offers a set of envi-
14214 standard for performance with small systems the required stan- strongly growing supply holds. On sense, a "no name product”, but today ronmental advantages: biologi-
requirement and the selection of pro- dards can be fulfilled. the other hand the structure of capac- the fuel is known everywhere and is cally degradable, a decrease in
cedure technology. Practice acknowl- ity leads to an excellent supply posi- naturally associated with the glowing waste gas emissions, no danger to
edges that also with small systems the UFOP has been monitoring with some tion in the future European Union yellow oilseed rape fields of property etc.
placed request can be fulfilled. concern the growing number of Bio- market for bio fuels. Germany will at "Germany’s most beautiful oil fields.”
diesel production plants in Germany, any time be able to play a role as a •Biodiesel is a technically mature
No matter what size the plant, the which has happened very rapidly Biodiesel exporter and the structure The image campaigns and advertis- and high-quality fuel, which is con-
E DIN 51606 or DIN EN 14214 stan- compared on an international level. of capacity will also contribute to ing measures of UFOP are basically stantly subject to quality controls,
dards is the guideline for the perfor- The lasting development of this making sure locations are available in based on three central points: from the manufacturer up to the
mance requirement and technology recent economic sector is possible which to produce the raw material. petrol station
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