SPC
    SPC
    Statistical studies can be classified into two 
      types: enumerative and analytic.
    An analytic study considers the population in a 
      dynamic sense, and its objective is to predict 
      or improve a process or product in the future.
    In the quality management field, statistical 
      In the quality management field, statistical 
      methods can be used for analyzing numerical 
      methods can be used for analyzing numerical 
      data focusing on results.
      data focusing on results.
    “One picture is worth a thousand words”.
      “One picture is worth a thousand words”.
                               
                               
             The primary goals of SPC
              The primary goals of SPC
      Minimize production costs.
       Minimize production costs.
      Attain a consistency of products and services that will 
       Attain a consistency of products and services that will 
       meet production specifications and customer 
       meet production specifications and customer 
       expectations.
       expectations.
      Create opportunities for all members of the 
       Create opportunities for all members of the 
       organization to contribute to quality improvement.
       organization to contribute to quality improvement.
      Help both management and employees make 
       Help both management and employees make 
       economically sound decision about actions affecting 
       economically sound decision about actions affecting 
       the process.
       the process.
                                   
                                   
    Statistical tools used in QC applications
    Statistical tools used in QC applications
                               
                               
    Seven basic tools that have been used 
       Seven basic tools that have been used 
       successfully in food industries for decades:
       successfully in food industries for decades:
        Flow chart
         Flow chart
        Cause and effect diagram
         Cause and effect diagram
        Control chart
         Control chart
        Histogram
         Histogram
        Check sheet
         Check sheet
        Pareto chart
         Pareto chart
        Scatter diagram
         Scatter diagram
                                 
                                 
                              Flow Chart
                              Flow Chart
                                           In a flowchart, the description 
                                             In a flowchart, the description 
      A series of blocks with each 
        A series of blocks with each         of each process is written 
                                             of each process is written 
        block representing one 
        block representing one               inside the blocks. Any other 
        major process, that                  inside the blocks. Any other 
        major process, that                  significant information is 
        describes an operation that          significant information is 
        describes an operation that 
        is studied or is used to plan        usually written outside blocks. 
        is studied or is used to plan        usually written outside blocks. 
        stages of a project.
        stages of a project.                 Each block is connected with 
                                             Each block is connected with 
                                             an arrow to show where that 
                                             an arrow to show where that 
      Flowcharts provide an 
        Flowcharts provide an                process leads.
        excellent form of                    process leads.
        excellent form of 
        documentation for a process 
        documentation for a process 
        operation, and often are 
        operation, and often are 
        useful when examining how 
        useful when examining how 
        various steps in an 
        various steps in an 
        operation work together.
        operation work together.