Evolution
  • The early part of the century saw a concern for 
   improved efficiency through careful design of work.
  • During the middle part of the century emphasis 
   shifted to the availability of managerial personnel 
   and employee productivity.
  • Recent decades have focussed on the demand for 
   technical personnel, increased concern for the 
   quality of working life, total quality management 
   and renewed emphasis on productivity.
        Concept                              What is it all about?
          Evolution of the Personnel Function
      The Commodity concept                  Labour was regarded as a commodity to 
                                             be bought and sold. Wages were  based 
                                             on demand and supply, government did 
                                             very little to protect workers.
      The factor of Production concept       Labour is like any other factor of 
                                             production like money, materials, land 
                                             etc. Workers are like machine tools.
      The Goodwill concept                   Welfare measures like safety, first aid, 
                                             lunch room, rest room will have a positive 
                                             impact on workers productivity
      The Paternalistic concept              Management must assume a fatherly and 
                                             protective attitude towards employees. 
                                             Paternalism does not mean merely 
                                             providing benefits but satisfying various 
                                             needs of the employees as parents meet 
                                             the requirements of the children.
       Evolution of the Personnel Function
      Concept                                 What is it all about? 
      The Humanitarian concept                To improve productivity, physical, social 
                                              and psychological needs of workers must 
                                              be met. The organisationnis a social 
                                              system that has both economic and social 
                                              dimensions
      The Human Resource concept              Employees are the most valuable assets of 
                                              an organisation. There should  be a 
                                              conscious effort to realise organisational 
                                              goals by satisfying needs and aspirations 
                                              of employees
      The Emerging concept                    Employees should be accepted as 
                                              partners, must offer better quality of 
                                              working life and offer opportunities to 
                                              people to exploit their potential fully.
         Growth in India
  • Early Phase: Though HRM is a discipline of recent 
   growth, it had its origin dating back to 18 B.C for eg: the 
   minimum wage rate and incentive wage plans were 
   included in the Babylonian code of Hammurabi around 
   1800 B.C.
  • The chinese during 1650 B.C had originated the principle 
   of division of labour and they understood labour 
   turnover even in 400 B.C
  • Kautilya in India in his book Arthashatra made reference 
   to various concepts like Job analysis, selection 
   procedures, executive development, incentive system 
   and performance appraisal. 
         Growth in India
  • Legal Phase: The early roots of HRM in India could 
   be traced back to the period after 1920.
  • The Royal commission on labour in 1931 suggested 
   the appointment of labour officer to protect workers 
   interest and act as a spokesperson of labour.
  • Meanwhile two professional bodies viz, the Indian 
   Institute of Personnel Management (IIPM) Kolkata 
   and the National Institute of Labour Management 
   (NILM) Mumbai have come into existence in 1950s.