BACKGROUND
    There is substantial consensus within the development community for a 
    more climate-smart agriculture with 3 principals:
    Sustainable production increases
    Enhanced resilience of the agricultural system
    Reduced emissions from the agricultural sector
                              Climate Related Global Grain Shocks 2006-2011
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                                                          BUSINESS AS USUAL AGRICULTURAL EMISSIONS (GT CO  
                                                                                                                2
            Global Land Use Change and Agricultural       EQUIVALENT PER YEAR) WOULD COMPRISE 70% OF 
                     Greenhouse Gas Emissions             ALLOWABLE EMISSIONS  IN A 2 DEGREE WORLD!
                                        Agriculture        Climate change
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              CSA is context-
   ………..many approaches potentially being CSA somewhere, but no single 
              specific!
   practice is CSA everywhere
  Agricultural activities cannot be simply classified  “climate smart” or “not
  climate smart”. Climate smartness of agricultural activities is best 
  measured on a continuous spectrum ranging from “less climate smart” to 
  “more climate smart
  For policies, programs and practices to be termed CSA, they need to show 
  a measurable triple win effect over conventional practices
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          THE THREE CSA INDEXES
    Operationalizing CSA would require indicators 
           Indexes               Rationale                                                     Application
           Policy Support       The level of adoption of CSA practices depends on the  National level for 88 
           and Institutional    enabling environment that is a function of policy and         countries in the 
           Readiness Index  institutional context in the country. Responding to               world
           (CSA Policy)         climate change requires national food security, 
                                adaptation and mitigation strategies. Building farmers’ 
                                adaptive capacity requires considerable investments 
                                above the farm level.
           Technology           The applied CSA technologies need to be context-              Project level for 
           Index (CSA           specific and prioritized in different landscapes/farming      project design
           Technology)          systems. Indicators should be able to capture changes 
                                in Productivity (P), Resilience (R) and Mitigation (M) 
                                due to changes in technologies.
           Results Index        The relative benefits (success) of CSA adoption needs  Project level for 
           (CSA Results)        to be measured. A portfolio of indicators appropriate         project outputs and 
                                for the particular intervention is needed.                    outcome monitoring
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