History and Models of 
        Addiction
              A specialized field in counseling
              The addiction counseling field 
                  evolved like psychology, social 
                  work
              Early Practice
                     Limited education, supervision, 
                        ethics, and research
          Foundations of Addictions Counseling, 1st                                         © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
          Edition                                                        1-2                             All rights reserved.
          Capuzzi/Stauffer
             Prevention in the 
             United States
             Historical approaches to prevention
                   Alcohol’s central role in the colonies
                   Temperance as moderation
                          Original goal was moderation
                   Temperance as abstinence
                          Women’s Christian Temperance Movement
                   Volstead Act and Prohibition (1920)
          Foundations of Addictions Counseling, 1st                                         © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
          Edition                                                        1-3                             All rights reserved.
          Capuzzi/Stauffer
             U.S. Drug Laws
              Until 1903 cocaine was used in 
                  soda drinks (“Coca Cola”)
              Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906 
                  (labeling)
              The Harrison Act, 1914 (taxation of 
                  opium and coca products)
              Controlled Substance Act, 1970
          Foundations of Addictions Counseling, 1st                                         © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
          Edition                                                        1-4                             All rights reserved.
          Capuzzi/Stauffer
              Laws and Agencies
              National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and 
                  Alcoholism (NIAAA), 1971
              National Institute on Drug Abuse 
                  (NIDA), 1974
              The Anti-Drug Abuse Prevention Act of 
                  1986 created the United States Office 
                  for Substance Abuse Prevention (OSAP)
                    Later became CSAP (part of SAMHSA)
          Foundations of Addictions Counseling, 1st                                         © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
          Edition                                                        1-5                             All rights reserved.
          Capuzzi/Stauffer
            Models for Explaining the 
            Etiology of Addiction
                                                                      
              The Moral                                                    The Disease Model
              Model                                                    
                                                                           Biological Models
          Psychological                                               
              Models                                                       Sociocultural 
          Family Models                                               Models
                                                                       
                                                                           Multicausal 
                                                                       Models
          Foundations of Addictions Counseling, 1st                                         © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
          Edition                                                        1-6                             All rights reserved.
          Capuzzi/Stauffer