Objectives
               Objectives
    Identify the significant pre-analytical 
     Identify the significant pre-analytical 
     errors that can occur during blood 
     errors that can occur during blood 
     specimen collection and transport
     specimen collection and transport
    Explain the various means of pre-
     Explain the various means of pre-
     analytical error prevention
     analytical error prevention
    List proactive steps to reduce 
     List proactive steps to reduce 
     potential pre-analytical errors 
     potential pre-analytical errors 
     associated with blood collection and 
     associated with blood collection and 
     transport
     transport
             Introduction
             Introduction
    Three phases of laboratory testing:    
     Three phases of laboratory testing:    
                 pre-analytical, analytical and 
                 pre-analytical, analytical and 
     post-analytical
     post-analytical
    Pre-analytical—specimen collection, 
     Pre-analytical—specimen collection, 
     transport and processing
     transport and processing
    Analytical—testing
     Analytical—testing
    Post-analytical—results transmission
     Post-analytical—results transmission
       Pre Analytical Phase
    Specimen collection, handling and 
     processing 
    Physiological variables such as the 
     effect of lifestyle, age, gender, 
     pregnancy and menstruation
    Endogenous variables such as drugs 
     etc
       Pre Analytical Phase
    Some such as specimen variables 
     can be controlled 
    Knowledge of uncontrollable 
     variables need to be well understood 
       Pre Analytical Phase
    German Society for Clinical 
     Chemistry and the German Society 
     for Laboratory Medicine proposed 
     comprehensive recommendations on 
     the quality of diagnostic samples, 
     handling of hemolytic, icteric and 
     lipemic samples 
    Choice of anticoagulants to use, 
     optimal sample size and analyte 
     stability in sample matrix for each 
     analyte