Types and Application of 
        Grafting 
     by Veronika Szabó PhD 
                       Terminology of Grafting 
 Rootstock:     The plant with root (or later rooting) what will be grafted scion. 
 Cultivar:      The plant (in general cultivar) what will be propagated for its 
                fruits or its ornamental worth. 
 Grafting:      It is a mechanical procedure to connect two (or more) pieces of 
                living plant tissue together what grow and develop as one 
                composite plant. 
 Scionwood:     It is one-year-old woody shoot which cut in dormancy (in  
                early winter) for propagation by grafting. 
 Scion:         It is a short piece of detached scionwood for grafting. Its  
                cutting surface fits the cutting surface of rootstock. 
 Budwood:       It is an actively growing, vigorous shoot of cultivar with healthy 
                vegetative buds in leaf axils for budding. 
 Bud:           It is a small organ on stem developing flower or shoot. The 
                propagation by budding requires vegetative bud. 
 Bud piece:     It is an oval piece of cultivar shoot containing more or less 
                woody tissue. (It is called bud chip at chip budding or shield 
                piece at T-budding.) 
 Budding:       It is a one-bud grafting. 
     Why do we use grafting? 
  • xenovegetative propagation (no more other 
    propagation method for multiple plants) 
  • advantageous combination in one grafted plant 
  • special crown form (pendula, global etc.) 
  • shape-trees 
  • rejuvenate of tree 
  • virus-test 
  • regrafting 
  • repair grafting (an injured bark bridging)