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Timeline of FEMA Policies and Regulations Related to Building Codes and Standards
1979 FEMA PARTICIPATING IN THE BUILDING CODE AND STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT PROCESS TODAY
1996 2015 2018
The National Technology FEMA Hazard Mitigation
Grant Program sets aside an Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 amends
Transfer and Advancement additional 5% of funding for the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief
1991 Act (Public Law 104–113), activities that promote use of and Emergency Assistance Act Sec.
NEHRP Recommended codifies pre-existing policies on 2000 disaster-resistant codes for all 406(b).
Provisions becomes the development and use of 2010 hazards.
the basis for seismic voluntary consensus standards FEMA funds the first Reducing FEMA Hazard Mitigation 2015 2018
code language in the in the Office of Management Flood Losses through the Assistance Grant Program NEHRP is reauthorized to encourage
and Budget Circular A-119. International Codes. requires all hurricane or National Windstorm Impact robust code enforcement.
1977 following three codes 1997 2000 tornado safe room projects Reduction Act Reauthorization
The National Earthquake and standards*: to be in accordance with the of 2015. FEMA shall work 2018
Hazards Reduction Program 1993 NEHRP Recommended Publication of the Prestandard latest edition of ICC-500. closely with national standards Goal 1 of the 2018-2022 FEMA
(NEHRP) is established. Provisions and the and Commentary for the Seismic and model building code Strategic Plan is to “Build a Culture of
*Building Officials Uniform Building Code is Rehabilitation of Buildings (FEMA 2012 organizations. Preparedness.”
and Code coordinated. 356).
1979 Administrators Publication of Seismic 2015 2018
FEMA is founded. 2000
National Building 1998 Performance Assessment FEMA Hazard Mitigation Disaster Recovery Reform Act of 2018
Code ASCE 24’s first edition is The first edition of the I-Codes® of Buildings (FEMA P-58), Assistance Grant Program amends the Robert T. Stafford Disaster
1982 1993 released. is released. which allows for the seismic requires all structure elevation Relief and Emergency Assistance
The participation in the performance assessment and dry floodproofing projects Act, including the addition of direct
development and use of *ASCE 7: Minimum 1998 2003 of buildings to higher to be in accordance with references to the adoption and
voluntary consensus codes Design Loads for FEMA releases Taking The first edition of the performance levels than latest edition of ASCE/SEI 24 enforcement of the latest published
and standards is required by Buildings and Other Shelter From the Storm International Existing Building code based life safety is Flood Resistant Design and editions of relevant consensus-based
all federal agencies. Structures (FEMA P-320). Code is released. released. Construction. codes, specifications, and standards.
1977 1990 2000 2010 2020
1985 1994 1999 2008 2010 2016 2022
The first edition of the *Southern Building FEMA Hazard Mitigation ICC-500 is published. FEMA Hazard Mitigation Disaster Risk Reduction FEMA Building Codes
NEHRP Recommended Code Congress Grant Program funds Assistance Grant Program Minimum Codes and Standards Strategy is released.
Seismic Provisions (FEMA International post-disaster code 2004 requires all mitigation FEMA Policy 204-078-2 is
95) is released. Standard Building enforcement. The National Windstorm reconstruction activities to be signed. 2020
Code Impact Reduction Program in accordance with the latest 2016 FEMA Policy FP 204-079-01
1985 1998 is established and NEHRP editions of the I-Codes® and is signed.
The first Southern 1994 The Code Resource is reauthorized. FEMA is ASCE/SEI 24. OMB Circular A-119 is revised,
Building Code Congress The International Code Development Committee tasked to work closely 2010 detailing the federal strategy for
International Standard for Council (ICC) is founded. facilitates the seismic with national standards developing standards.
Floodplain Management provisions of the newly and model building code FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant 2016
is published. proposed International organizations. Program sets aside additional
1992 Codes (I-Codes®). 5% funding for activities that FEMA Public Assistance implements
The Code Compatibility 1998 2000 promote use of disaster- a new Required Minimum Codes
Report and its appendices FEMA releases the first edition resistant codes for all hazards. and Standards policy generally
are released. Handbook for the Seismic of Safe Rooms for Tornadoes requiring applicants to incorporate Timeline Key
Evaluation of Buildings and Hurricanes (FEMA P-361). the natural hazard-resistant codes = Federal law or mandate
(FEMA 310) is released. and standards and related provisions = FEMA action
1990
NEHRP is reauthorized, shif ting referenced in the most recent = Building code action
the program’s emphasis from published edition of the I-Codes®. * = Grouped actions
prediction to hazard reduction.
Timeline of FEMA Policies and Regulations Related to Building Codes and Standards
1977 1998 2010
The Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977 (Public Law 95–124) established ASCE 24’s first edition is released, providing design standards for buildings and structures FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program sets aside additional 5% initiative includes evaluation of model
the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program. Program objectives include the in flood hazard areas. building codes.
development, publication, and promotion of model building codes to address seismic risk. 1998 2012
1979 FEMA releases the first edition to Taking Shelter From the Storm (FEMA P-320). This Publication of Seismic Performance Assessment of Buildings (FEMA P-58), which allows for the seismic
President Jimmy Carter signed Executive Order 12148, creating FEMA. publication provides basic safe room information and construction drawings for site-built performance assessment of buildings to higher performance levels than code based life safety.
safe rooms. 2015
1982 1998 FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program sets aside an additional 5% of funding for activities that
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-119 requires federal agencies to FEMA releases FEMA 310, Handbook for Seismic Evaluation of Buildings. promote use of disaster-resistant codes for all hazards. FEMA’s intention in supporting the adoption and
use available building codes and standards when possible and encourages agencies to enforcement of building codes is to promote resilience by using disaster-resistant practices. A building is
participate in the code and standards development process. 1999 considered disaster resistant when it not only protects its occupants but can also be quickly repaired and
1985 FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program funds are made available to support post-disaster re-occupied because damage from natural disasters is minimized.
FEMA releases FEMA 95, the first edition of the NEHRP Recommended Provisions for the code enforcement. Specifically, extraordinary post-disaster code enforcement costs may be
Development of Seismic Regulations for New Buildings. eligible. Funding is available for projects designed to support the post-disaster rebuilding 2015
effort by ensuring that sufficient expertise is on hand to ensure appropriate codes and National Windstorm Impact Reduction Act Reauthorization of 2015 (Public Law 114–52) requires FEMA
1985 standards, including NFIP local ordinance requirements, are used and enforced. to work closely with national standards and model building code organizations, in conjunction with the
The Southern Building Code Congress published the first iteration of their model codes. 2000 National Institute of Standards and Technology, to promote the implementation of research results
Publication of FEMA 356, Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation and better building practices within the building design and construction industry, including architects,
1990 of Buildings, which later became ASCE 41 Standard for Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing engineers, contractors, builders, and inspectors.
The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program Reauthorization Act of 1990 (Public Buildings. 2015
Law 101-614) instructed FEMA to promote the implementation of earthquake hazard 2000 FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance Grant Program requires all structure elevation and dry floodproofing
reduction measures by federal, state, and local governments as well as national standards projects to be in accordance with latest edition of ASCE/SEI 24 Flood Resistant Design and Construction.
and model building code organizations. ASCE releases the FEMA-funded Reducing Flood Losses through the International Codes.
Subsequent editions are jointly authored by ICC and FEMA and helps state and local officials 2016
1991 integrate the I-Codes® into their current floodplain management regulatory processes OMB Circular A-119 is revised, detailing the federal strategy for developing standards. Agencies are
The 1991 edition of the NEHRP Recommended Provisions was used as the basis for the related to coordinate with structures, buildings, and other development in special flood encouraged to participate on standards bodies while specifying reporting requirements on conformity
three following codes & standards*: hazard areas in order to meet the requirements to participate in the National Flood assessment activities. Additionally, it informs agencies of their statutory obligations related to standards
1993 Insurance Program. setting.
*Building Officials and Code Administrators National Building Code 2000 2016
The first nationally-applicable, voluntary, minimum consensus model codes published by Disaster Risk Reduction Minimum Codes and Standards FEMA Policy 204-078-2 is signed on 6
1993 the International Code Council as the International Codes® – International Building Code, September 2016 by Administrator Fugate. For first time, FEMA has an agency-wide policy on minimum
*ASCE 7: Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures International Residential Code, etc. building codes and standards.
1994 2000 2016
FEMA releases the first edition of Safe Rooms for Tornadoes and Hurricanes (FEMA P-361) FEMA Public Assistance implements a new Required Minimum Codes and Standards policy generally
*Southern Building Code Congress International Standard Building Code which outlines the criteria for a safe room. requiring applicants to incorporate the natural hazard-resistant codes and standards and related
1992 2003 provisions referenced in the most recent published edition of the I-Codes®.
The Code Compatibility Report (FEMA 296, 297, 298) is released by FEMA. This study The first edition of the International Existing Building Code is introduced to the I-Codes® 2018
worked towards eliminating incompatibilities between National Flood Insurance Program series. The code encourages the use and reuse of existing buildings. It recovers repair, Under the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, the President may provide incentives to a state or tribal
technical guidance and model codes & standards. alteration, addition, and change of occupancy for existing buildings and historical buildings. government to invest in measures that increase readiness for, and resilience from, a major disaster by
1994 2004 recognizing such investments through a sliding scale that increases the minimum Federal share to 85%.
The International Code Council is founded and charged to develop a single set of nationally The National Windstorm Impact Reduction Act establishes the National Windstorm Impact Such measures may include - (iii) encouraging the adoption and enforcement of the latest published
applicable building codes. Reduction Program and National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program is reauthorized. editions of relevant consensus-based codes, specifications, and standards that incorporate the latest
FEMA is tasked to work closely with national standards and model building code hazard-resistant designs and establish minimum acceptable criteria for the design, construction, and
1996 organizations. maintenance of residential structures and facilities that may be eligible for assistance under this Act for
The National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA) (Public Law 104–113), 2008 the purpose of protecting the health, safety, and general welfare of the buildings’ users against disasters.
codified pre-existing policies on the development and use of voluntary consensus standards ICC-500 is published by the International Code Council and provides the minimum 2018
in OMB Circular A-119. requirements to safeguard public health, safety, and general welfare relative to the design, NEHRP Reauthorization of 2018 (Public Law 115–307) expands activities to include: (1) gathering
1997 construction, and installation of storm shelters constructed for protection from high winds information on community resilience (i.e., the ability of a community to prepare for, recover from, and
NEHRP Recommended Provisions and the Uniform Building Code were coordinated and associated with tornadoes and hurricanes. adapt to earthquakes); (2) publishing a systematic set of maps of active faults and folds, liquefaction
became a prerequisite to the formation of the 2000 International Building Code and served 2010 susceptibility for earthquake-induced landslides, and other seismically induced hazards; and (3)
as the basis for the seismic code language found in the first editions of the International FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance Grant Program requires all hurricane or tornado safe continuing the development of the Advanced National Seismic System, including earthquake early
Codes. room projects to be in accordance with latest edition of ICC-500. warning capabilities.
1998 2010 2018
FEMA and the National Institute of Building Sciences formed the Code Resource FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance Grant Program requires all mitigation reconstruction Disaster Recovery Reform Act (DRRA) of 2018. DRRA Sections 1206, 1234, 1235(b) amend the Stafford
Development Committee, which facilitated the seismic provisions of the newly proposed activities must be completed in accordance with the latest editions of the I-Codes® and Act and include references to the adoption and enforcement of the latest published editions of relevant
International Building Code and Internationl Residential Code. ASCE/SEI 24. consensus-based codes, specifications, and standards.
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Timeline of FEMA Policies and Regulations Related to Building Codes and Standards
2018
Goal #1 in the FEMA Strategic Plan 2018-2022 is to Build a Culture of Preparedness and includes
Objective 1.1 to Incentivize Investments that Reduce Risk, Including Pre-disaster Mitigation, and Reduce
Disaster Costs at All Levels, which states: “FEMA will continue to work directly with SLTT and non-
governmental partners to advocate for the adoption and enforcement of modern building and property
codes. Disaster resilience starts with building codes, because they enhance public safety and property
protection. Furthermore, FEMA will encourage robust code enforcement, providing education and training
when needed to help convey the value of standardized, up-to-date building codes.”
2020
Building Code and Floodplain Management Administration and Enforcement (FEMA Policy FP 204-
079-01) was signed and it defines the framework and requirements for consistent and appropriate
implementation of section 1206 of DRRA through the PA Program.
2022
FEMA Building Codes Strategy is released, acting as the blueprint for organizing and advancing FEMA’s
building code efforts over the next several years to help people before, during and after disasters.
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