Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT
                                  SAMOT
            Jochen Richter, Margareta Friman & Tommy Gärling
              Soft transport policy 
                         measures 1
                        Results of implementations
                           Karlstad University Studies
                                  2009:31
            Jochen Richter, Margareta Friman & Tommy Gärling
              Soft transport policy 
                         measures 1 
                        Results of implementations
                           Karlstad University Studies
                                  2009:31
          Jochen Richter, Margareta Friman & Tommy Gärling. Soft transport policy measures 1 
          Results of implementations
          Research Report
          Karlstad University Studies 2009:31
          ISSN 1403-8099    
          ISBN 978-91-7063-255-6  
          © The Authors
          Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT
          SAMOT
          SE-651 88 Karlstad
          +46 54 700 10 00
          www.kau.se
          Abstract  
          To abate problems resulting from increased car use, hard transport policy measures 
          have been introduced. Such measures often meet public disapproval, are politically 
          infeasible, and may alone be insufficient. As a consequence, alternative soft transport 
          policy measures have been proposed. These measures are designed to motivate 
          individuals to voluntarily reduce car use. This paper reviews implementations of soft 
          transport policy measures in Japan, Australia, UK, and several other countries. The 
          review underscores the effectiveness of soft transport policy measures in general and 
          points to a variety of positive outcomes. Yet, the variety in the results makes it hard to 
          infer why the measures are effective. Several gaps of knowledge are also identified. A 
          companion paper will discuss these and identify research needs.