Ethiopian  Environmental  Policy:  Challenges  and 
       Prospects  on  Sustainable  Social  and  Economic 
       Development 
                                     
                        By: KelbesaWakumaKenea  
                           Enr. No. 099124630 
                                     
                   Academic Supervisor: Elias Birhanu 
                                     
                 Masters of Arts (Public Administration) 
        INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY 
                               May, 2012 
                                     
                                     
                                   
        
                                                                   
        
        
      
      
      
      
                        CERTIFICATE 
     I  Certify  that  the  Dissertation  entitled  Ethiopian  Environmental  Policy:  Challenges  andProspects  on 
     Sustainable Social and Economic Developmentsubmitted by KelbesaWakumaKeneais his own work and 
     has been done under my supervision. It is recommended that this Dissertation be placed before the examiner 
     for evaluation. 
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     (Signature of the Academic Supervisor) 
      
                              Name: _______________________________________ 
                                                   
                       Address: _____________________________________ 
      
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                       Study Centre: __________________________________ 
                           Regional Centre: ________________________________ 
                           Date: _________________________________________ 
      
      
                  
                                                  
      
      
          Acronyms  
          UNEP- United Nations Environmental Program        ABS- Access Benefit Sharing 
          EPA- Ethiopian Environmental Protections          EFAP- Ethiopian Forestry Action Program 
          Authority 
                                                            TLU- Tropical livestock units 
          EIA-Environmental Impact Assessment  
                                                            DPU - Depleted Uranium  
          UNDP- United Nations Development Program          MoFED -Ministry of Finance and Economic 
          WB-World Bank                                     Development  
          POP -Persistant Organic Pollutants                EMP- Environmental Monitoring Plans 
                                                            DDT-DichloroDiphenyl Toluene 
          EKC- Environmental Kuznets Curve                  PPP- Polluter Pays Principal 
          NGO- Non Governmental Organizations               MDG- Millennium Development Goals 
          CSO- Civil Society Organizations                  CBO- Community Based Organizations  
          EPRSP- Ethiopian Poverty Reduction Strategy        
          Program 
                                                            EFAP-Ethiopian Forestry Action Program  
          EWCO- Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation 
          Organization 
          UNIDO-United Nations Industrial Development 
          Organization 
          GDP- Gross Domestic Product 
          NNI- Net National Income 
                                                                                                              
           
           
         
        Table of ContentsPage 
         
        Acknowledgment……………………………………………………………………...……..….…......i 
        Acronyms………………………………………………...………………………………..…………..ii 
        Preface……………………………………………………………………………...………….….......iii 
        Chapter One  
        Introduction 
         
         1.1.Background of the Study …………...……………………………………………..…..……....….1 
         1.2.Objective of the Study……………………………………………………………..…..…….........2 
         1.3.Statement of the Problem …………..……………………………………………....…..…...….....3 
         1.4.Research Methodology……………………………………………………………..…..….……...4 
         1.5.Significance of the Study…………………………………………………………..…..………....4 
         1.6.Scope of the Thesis …………………...…………………………………………..……..…..........5 
         1.7.Limitations of the Research ………………………………………………………..…..………....5 
          
         Chapter Two 
         Literature Review 
         2.1.Introduction……………………………………………………………………….……..….…...6 
         2.2. Global Environmental Problems…………………………………………………........................6 
         2.3.Corruption, Democracy and Environment…………………………………………......................8 
         2.4.Democracy and the Environment……………………………………………..….........................9 
         2.5.Environmental Movements in Ethiopia…………………………………....................................10 
         2.6.Utilization of Bio-Fuels in Ethiopia…………………………………………..............................11 
         2.7.The State of the Environment: Natural Resource Degradation…………………….……….…..12 
         2.8.Assessment of major environmental Public Institutions……………………..……….………...12 
         2.9.Current overview of environmental NGOs/CSOs……………………………………….……..17