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   2
   Introduction 
   Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electro-
   magnetic radiation. Historically, spectroscopy originated through the study 
   of visible light dispersed according to its wavelength, by a prism. Later the 
   concept was expanded greatly to comprise any interaction with radiative 
   energy as a function of its wavelength or frequency. Spectroscopic data is 
   often represented by a spectrum, a plot of the response of interest as a 
   function of wavelength or frequency.
   • Spectrum (Latin): ghost
   • Skopos (Greek): watcher
   • Spectroscopist = ghost watcher
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   Table of Contents 
   Historical Background                                       Key Parameters
   • Early History of Optical Spectra                          • Wavelength and Frequency
   • 1666 Observation of Visible Spectrum                      • Absorption and Emission
   • 1802 Fraunhofer Absorption Lines                          • Light Absorbed vs. Energy Levels
   • Kirchhoff & Bunsen’s Emission                             • Characteristics of Atomic Spectra
      Experiment                                               • Absorbance and Transmittance
   • Kirchhoff & Bunsen’s Absorption                           • Absorbance: Concentration 
      Experiment                                                 Relationship
                                                               • Beer-Bouguer-Lambert Law
   Definitions
       •  Spectroscopy and Spectrometer
       •  Electromagnetic Spectrum
       •  Light
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    Historical Background
    Early History of Optical Spectra
          1666                1802                 1812                1853                1859                1868                1882
            Sir Isaac      William Hyde          Joseph von         August Beer                Gustav           Anders J.            Abney & 
              Newton           Wollaston          Fraunhofer           recognizes         Kirchhoff &           Angstrom               Festing 
            discovers       identifies dark     studies these                   the            Robert       measures the              obtained 
                 solar       lines in solar         dark lines        relationship            Bunsen          wavelengths              infrared 
            spectrum             spectrum              using a        between the       observe                   of about          absorption 
                                                spectroscope         absorption of            different              1,000          spectra for 
                                                                          light and        colors from         Fraunhofer              over 50 
                                                                    concentration            elements                 lines       compounds
                                                                                             heated to 
                                                                                        incandescenc
                                                                                                     e 
    ToC
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    Historical Background
    1666 Observation of Visible Spectrum
    Sir Isaac Newton`s Experiment 
                     Sir Isaac Newton,1642-1726
                     English physicist and mathematician
                     Source: Wikipedia
    ToC
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