The Development of Information and 
   Communication Technologies
   To understand the underlying evolution of the information 
   society, we have to take a look at the Information and 
   Communication Technology (ICT) development:
   • In 1966 IBM introduced the Disk Operating System (DOS) for 
   its mainframes. This was the first system that allowed batch 
   processing.
   • Based on these previous steps, IBM introduced the first 
   personal computer and Motorola presented the first commercial 
   mobile phone.
     Figure 5 Information and Communication Technology Development 
   The Development of Information and 
   Communication Technologies
   • 1998 was the founding year of Google Inc., an Internet business 
   that started as a search engine
   • Deutsche Telekom started marketing broadband connections 
   and in 2001 Manx Telecom introduced the first UMTS network 
   on the Isle of Man. This technology is regarded as a milestone 
   in mobile Internet. 
   • A milestone in online music distribution, for example, was the 
   media library and player iTunes, which was released in 2001 
   and soon became the leading portal in digital music marketing
   • Moreover, completely new services like Facebook, an online 
   social network, were suddenly realizable.
   The information Society and its Development
   • The world entered a new technological paradigm by 
   making use of globally networked information and 
   communication technologies. 
   • This is a key reason for a set of related social 
   transformations that have taken place all around the world 
   during the past three decades. 
   • Although these transformations partly have taken distinct 
   forms and show different manifestations (رهاظمم) due to 
   varying cultural and historical characteristics, they 
   nowadays fundamentally affect a vast majority of 
   societies.