Eqyptian Calendar
    
     Followed Solar Calendar consisting of 12 thirty-day months plus 5 lucky days.
    
     (12x30=360 + Lucky days 5 = 365 days)
    Roman Calendar
    Roman Calendar
    
     12 lunar months have (6x29) + (6x30) = 354 days
    
     Tropical or solar year is about 365.25 days
    Julian Calendar (adopted officially in 44 BC
    
     He assigned Sosigenes, Greek Astronomer to reform Roman calendar and to design 
    new calender.
    
     12 approximately equal months (average of 30.5 days)
    
     Lunar months banned. Based on Tropical year
    
     12 month total 365 days. 
    
     A leap year of 366 days every 4 years
    
     Julian year is exactly 365days, 6 hours oo minits oo seconds but Tropical year is 365 
    days 5 h 48m 46 s.
    
     Julian Year is 11 m 14 s longer than the Tropical year.
    
     adopted officially in 44 BC. Followed till 1582 A.D in the West.
             Roman Number System
              Roman Number System
       Number system was invented in ancient Rome which known as 
        Roman Number System.
       Roman numerals are written as combinations of seven letters
       I = 1   V = 5     X = 10 
       L = 50C=100  D = 500  M = 1000
       letter can be written as Capital (XVI) or lower-case letters (xvi)
       11 = 10 + 1 = XI
       9 = 10-1 = IX
       VIII - 5 +3 = 8
       XIX = 10 + 9 = 19
       IX = 10-1 = 9
                                                          th
        This system was followed in Europe in the 12  century until the 
        introduction of the Hindu Arabic Number system.
      Medical Science
    Borrowed from Greeks but formulated it well and applied to public hygiene.
    Cornelius Celsus, famous  Medical writer who lived in 30 A.D
    His main work ‘De Medicina’ . It was the firs complete text book of medicine.
    He advised to use of compresses to stop bleeding.
    His works- explained about descriptions of surgical methods (Plastic surgery 
      on nose, lips, ears and operation for cataract)
   Pliny
    Pliny
    Greatest Roman Naturalist
    Expert in Herbal medicine
    His main work ‘The Diseases of Women’.
    He concluded that difficulties in child birth due to the foetus in an abnormal 
      position.
    Account of Childhood diseases and treatment for genital diseases of women.
    Regarded Father of Obstetrics and Gynaecology  
      Galen 
      
       born in Pergamum, old Greek city in 129 A.D
      
       Born into a wealthy family, father Nicon was very rich Architect.
      
       Nicon wanted Galen to study politics or philosophy but Galen choosen 
      Medicine 
      
       At the age of 16 Galen started studying Medicine 
      
       Later he went to Alexandria where he studied Skeletons and examined 
      wounds of Gladiators.
      
       He practiced Treatments Based on Hippocrate's theory of Four Humours.
      
       Four Humours - Treatments opposite to the illness.
      
       Theory of four humours
      
       Treats cold using Heat
      
       Treats fever using something cold
      
       Weak people were given hard physical exercises to Do.
      
       Heart is the origin of blood vessels and brain the source of nerves.